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Prehistoric Japan was home to cave lions--not tigers

Popular Science

Fossil evidence shows a case of mistaken big cat identity. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. Present-day Japan may see its fair share of bears, but the islands' big cat populations are long gone. Between 129,000 and 11,700 years ago, temporary land bridges allowed the ancient predators to migrate between mainland Asia and the islands. Paleobiologists have long believed tigers were the primary cats to make this trek, but recently analyzed evidence published in the suggests a different timeline.





Language Model Tokenizers Introduce Unfairness Between Languages

Neural Information Processing Systems

Recent language models have shown impressive multilingual performance, even when not explicitly trained for it. Despite this, there are concerns about the quality of their outputs across different languages. In this paper, we show how disparity in the treatment of different languages arises at the tokenization stage, well before a model is even invoked. The same text translated into different languages can have drastically different tok-enization lengths, with differences up to 15 times in some cases. These disparities persist even for tokenizers that are intentionally trained for multilingual support.


Automated Classification of Model Errors on ImageNet

Neural Information Processing Systems

While the ImageNet dataset has been driving computer vision research over the past decade, significant label noise and ambiguity have made top-1 accuracy an insufficient measure of further progress.




Female mice often have multiple sexual partners--for survival

Popular Science

Birthing a litter with several fathers may help when food is scarce. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. If a female house mouse mates with multiple male house mice, her litter could have multiple fathers. Polyandry, as this mating practice is called, is common for various species. Yet scientists are still investigating its purpose and the potential benefits of birthing half siblings within the same litter.


Bears in Italy inbreed more, but are less aggressive

Popular Science

Apennine brown bears have been isolated from their European counterparts since the Roman Empire. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. While bear attacks seem to have become a significant problem in Japan--with the country going as far as deploying the army --new research reveals that an Italian bear species has evolved to be less aggressive. Apennine brown bears () have been in close contact with humans for generations. Their small, endangered population exists only in central Italy, and previous research suggests that this population split off from other European brown bears 2,000 to 3,000 years ago .