Telerobotics is a key foundation in autonomous Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), enabling remote operations across various domains. However, conventional cloud-based telerobotics suffers from latency, reliability, scalability, and resilience issues, hindering real-time performance in critical applications. Cloud-Fog Telerobotics (CFTel) builds on the Cloud-Fog Automation (CFA) paradigm to address these limitations by leveraging a distributed Cloud-Edge-Robotics computing architecture, enabling deterministic connectivity, deterministic connected intelligence, and deterministic networked computing. This paper synthesizes recent advancements in CFTel, aiming to highlight its role in facilitating scalable, low-latency, autonomous, and AI-driven telerobotics. We analyze architectural frameworks and technologies that enable them, including 5G Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication, Edge Intelligence, Embodied AI, and Digital Twins. The study demonstrates that CFTel has the potential to enhance real-time control, scalability, and autonomy while supporting service-oriented solutions. We also discuss practical challenges, including latency constraints, cybersecurity risks, interoperability issues, and standardization efforts. This work serves as a foundational reference for researchers, stakeholders, and industry practitioners in future telerobotics research.

Unlike Consumer IoT, Industrial IoT (IIoT) is applied to manufacturing and supply chain environment, the under development segment in IoT segment. IIoT is expected to create vivid impact across the ecosystem players and industry verticals like governments, city infrastructure, aviation, power generation, transportation and many more. Without any doubt IIoT is going to create real market opportunity for IoT. The inherent journey began during the era of Industry 1.0 when mechanization of production system revolutionizes the world and real race of industrialization starts. Since then industries went through several innovations and upgradation such as mass production, assembly line, division of labor, electricity, automation of production process, and integration with IT system throughout the journey of Industry 2.0 and Industry 3.0. The emergence of robust internet connectivity & network, IoT technologies, industrial robotics, cloud based technologies, and intelligent machines pushed the whole concept of industry into a new shape called Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution.

As astronauts move deeper into space they must also become more autonomous from mission control on Earth. As a result, astronauts must take on additional responsibilities for jobs typically performed by flight controllers today, and crew workload and training requirements are expected to increase. Robotic automation has potential to reduce crew workload and training needs. Additionally robots with some level of autonomy can reduce human risk by per-forming hazardous tasks that crew would otherwise have to perform. We are working with NASA to investigate new concepts of operation for astronauts interacting with autonomous robots in space, including remote supervision of a planetary robot by an astronaut orbiting the planet and remote understanding of robotic activities without eyes-on monitoring. We also are developing techniques for computing and analyzing agent performance for the roles and responsibilities needed for these ConOps, and have developed software to compute these performance measures for humans and robots in-line during mission operations. We describe results of using this software to monitor rover performance during multiple NASA robotic field tests and analog mission simulations.