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Intelligent Healthcare Ecosystems: Optimizing the Iron Triangle of Healthcare (Access, Cost, Quality)

Acharya, Vivek

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Abstract--The United States spends more on healthcare than any other nation - nearly 17% of GDP as of the early 2020s - yet struggles with uneven access and outcomes [1] [2]. This paradox of high cost, variable quality, and inequitable access is often described by the "Iron Triangle" of healthcare [3], which posits that improvements in one dimension (access, cost, or quality) often come at the expense of the others. This paper explores how an Intelligent Healthcare Ecosystem (iHE) - an integrated system leveraging advanced technologies and data-driven innovation - can "bend" or even break this iron triangle, enabling simultaneous enhancements in access, cost-efficiency, and quality of care. We review historical and current trends in U.S. healthcare spending, including persistent waste and international comparisons, to underscore the need for transformative change. We then propose a conceptual model and strategic framework for iHE, incorporating emerging technologies such as generative AI and large language models (LLMs), federated learning, interoperability standards (FHIR) and nationwide networks (TEFCA), and digital twins. We introduce an updated healthcare value equation that integrates all three corners of the iron triangle, and we hypothesize that an intelligently coordinated ecosystem can maximize this value by delivering high-quality care to more people at lower cost. Methods include a narrative synthesis of recent literature and policy reports, and Results highlight key components and enabling technologies of an iHE. We discuss how such ecosystems can reduce waste, personalize care, enhance interoperability, and support value-based models, all while addressing challenges like privacy, bias, and stakeholder adoption. The paper is formatted per MDPI guidelines, with APA-style numbered references, illustrative figures (U.S. spending trends, waste breakdown, international spending comparison, conceptual models), equations, and a structured layout. Our findings suggest that embracing an Intelligent Healthcare Ecosystem is pivotal for optimizing the long-standing trade-offs in healthcare's iron triangle, moving towards a system that is more accessible, affordable, and of higher quality for all.


Opinion: How California could extend mental health care to millions of residents in need

Los Angeles Times

Healthcare provider Kaiser Permanente reached a $200-million settlement in October with the state of California over long waits experienced by patients needing behavioral health services. Greg Adams, Kaiser's chair and chief executive, cited a shortage of qualified care providers as a major reason for delays in treatment. Such shortages are prevalent statewide: In one survey, only 27% of Californians said their community has enough mental health professionals to serve the needs of local residents. Among adults in the state with any psychiatric illness, 63% said they received no mental health services in the past year. Earlier this year, I found myself among the millions of Californians with mental health needs.


Using Audio Data to Facilitate Depression Risk Assessment in Primary Health Care

Levinson, Adam Valen, Goyal, Abhay, Man, Roger Ho Chun, Lee, Roy Ka-Wei, Saha, Koustuv, Parekh, Nimay, Altice, Frederick L., Cheung, Lam Yin, De Choudhury, Munmun, Kumar, Navin

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Telehealth is a valuable tool for primary health care (PHC), where depression is a common condition. PHC is the first point of contact for most people with depression, but about 25% of diagnoses made by PHC physicians are inaccurate. Many other barriers also hinder depression detection and treatment in PHC. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help reduce depression misdiagnosis in PHC and improve overall diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Telehealth consultations often have video issues, such as poor connectivity or dropped calls. Audio-only telehealth is often more practical for lower-income patients who may lack stable internet connections. Thus, our study focused on using audio data to predict depression risk. The objectives were to: 1) Collect audio data from 24 people (12 with depression and 12 without mental health or major health condition diagnoses); 2) Build a machine learning model to predict depression risk. TPOT, an autoML tool, was used to select the best machine learning algorithm, which was the K-nearest neighbors classifier. The selected model had high performance in classifying depression risk (Precision: 0.98, Recall: 0.93, F1-Score: 0.96). These findings may lead to a range of tools to help screen for and treat depression. By developing tools to detect depression risk, patients can be routed to AI-driven chatbots for initial screenings. Partnerships with a range of stakeholders are crucial to implementing these solutions. Moreover, ethical considerations, especially around data privacy and potential biases in AI models, need to be at the forefront of any AI-driven intervention in mental health care.


AI Technology and Telemedicine Software

#artificialintelligence

Telemedicine is boosting at a rapid pace even more since the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine EMR Software is being preferred by patients as it enhances access to care and offers convenience. Both telemedicine and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are the best combinations in healthcare to reduce costs and speed up the patient diagnosis process with greater precision and accuracy. The powerful AI technology uses machine-learning algorithms and software to imitate human cognition to evaluate, present and understand complex healthcare data that is used in patient treatment and diagnosis. Deep learning is also used for speech recognition technologies to facilitate and streamline the physician's charting process.


Demo Alleviate: Demonstrating Artificial Intelligence Enabled Virtual Assistance for Telehealth: The Mental Health Case

Roy, Kaushik, Khandelwal, Vedant, Goswami, Raxit, Dolbir, Nathan, Malekar, Jinendra, Sheth, Amit

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

After the pandemic, artificial intelligence (AI) powered support for mental health care has become increasingly important. The breadth and complexity of significant challenges required to provide adequate care involve: (a) Personalized patient understanding, (b) Safety-constrained and medically validated chatbot patient interactions, and (c) Support for continued feedback-based refinements in design using chatbot-patient interactions. We propose Alleviate, a chatbot designed to assist patients suffering from mental health challenges with personalized care and assist clinicians with understanding their patients better. Alleviate draws from an array of publicly available clinically valid mental-health texts and databases, allowing Alleviate to make medically sound and informed decisions. In addition, Alleviate's modular design and explainable decision-making lends itself to robust and continued feedback-based refinements to its design. In this paper, we explain the different modules of Alleviate and submit a short video demonstrating Alleviate's capabilities to help patients and clinicians understand each other better to facilitate optimal care strategies.


What was the impact of COVID on HealthTech?

#artificialintelligence

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic about two years ago, many facets of life have changed. Healthcare systems have seen many changes throughout the pandemic. We've seen hospitals overloaded with coronavirus patients struggle to keep up with the demand. The pandemic highlighted how inept our healthcare systems were in dealing with this type of crisis, while still providing care to existing patients. It also highlighted the inability to easily collect and analyze data on patients in an efficient matter, thus providing care to people more quickly.


Technology Will Be Critical To Move Healthcare Organizations Forward in 2023 - MedCity News

#artificialintelligence

Turning the page on 2022 will be a cause for celebration in the healthcare sector. The past year was one of the worst financial years on record for hospitals, according to Kaufman Hall. New data from the healthcare consulting firm and the American Hospital Association indicates that 53% to 68% of the nation's hospitals will end 2022 in the red. At the same time, hospital employment is down approximately 100,000 from pre-pandemic levels. This is all happening amid a backdrop of growing margin pressures and an aging population.


Year Ender 2022: India's Digital health space witnessed immense growth this year; 2023 to be more opportunistic

#artificialintelligence

The year 2022 has been an eventful year in the digital health segment globally. Thanks to the coronavirus pandemic the much-needed digital transformation for the healthcare sector has opened many doors. Several industry experts told Financial Express.com that the growth continued its momentum in 2022 and it will enhance further in 2023. The rapid penetration of smartphones and the internet, coupled with supportive government policies, has propelled the growth of the digital healthcare market in India. In India, the central government is also focusing more on digital health ventures to increase access to quality healthcare.


The Future Of Telehealth And AI In Business

#artificialintelligence

First and foremost, let us understand the meaning of "telehealth." The word'tele' means "distance" and'health' means "to heal". Telemedicine also refers to the practice of medicine at a distance whereby information technology is used to ensure the delivery of medical care services. By using mobile phones, laptops, and computers, healthcare providers and doctors can communicate with their patients virtually and write prescriptions or follow-ups. But, at the same time, with the rise of innovative technologies and the use of AI in healthcare -- healthcare businesses have taken a different shape, from traditional styles to telehealth.


The Oddly Reassuring Ways 'AI' Is Changing Mental Health Diagnosis & Treatment

#artificialintelligence

A form of technology originally recognized in 1956, artificial intelligence (AI), has begun to drive a potentially profound shift in how mental illness is detected, diagnosed and treated. The recent boom in the use of telemedicine has accelerated AI's influence. However, while several prominent sectors of society are ready to embrace the potential of AI, caution remains prevalent in medicine, including psychiatry, evidenced by recent headlines in the news media like this one from the New York Times: "Warnings of a Dark Side to AI in Health Care." Yet, regardless of apparent concerns, AI applications in medicine are steadily increasing. That includes the field of mental health, as well.