Deep learning has revolutionized various real-world applications, but the quality of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) remains a concern. DNNs are complex and have millions of parameters, making it difficult to determine their contributions to fulfilling a task. Moreover, the behavior of a DNN is highly influenced by the data used during training, making it challenging to collect enough data to exercise all potential DNN behavior under all possible scenarios. This paper proposes NP SBFL method to locate faulty neural pathways (NP) using spectrum-based fault localization (SBFL). Our method identifies critical neurons using the layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) technique and determines which critical neurons are faulty. Moreover, we propose a multi-stage gradient ascent (MGA), an extension of gradient ascent (GA), to effectively activate a sequence of neurons one at a time while maintaining the activation of previous neurons, so we are able to test the reported faulty pathways. We evaluated the effectiveness of our method, i.e. NP-SBFL-MGA, on two commonly used datasets, MNIST and CIFAR-10, two baselines DeepFault and NP-SBFL-GA, and three suspicious neuron measures, Tarantula, Ochiai, and Barinel. The empirical results showed that NP-SBFL-MGA is statistically more effective than the baselines at identifying suspicious paths and synthesizing adversarial inputs. Particularly, Tarantula on NP-SBFL-MGA had the highest fault detection rate at 96.75%, surpassing DeepFault on Ochiai (89.90%) and NP-SBFL-GA on Ochiai (60.61%). Our approach also yielded comparable results to the baselines in synthesizing naturalness inputs, and we found a positive correlation between the coverage of critical paths and the number of failed tests in DNN fault localization.

Watching a tarantula move can make a person's skin crawl -- especially when the arachnid is crawling out of its own skin. More accurately, tarantulas have what's known as an exoskeleton, the stiff outer structure housing the spider's internal organs similar to how human skin protects internal organs. To grow larger, tarantulas must form a new exoskeleton and shed their previous, smaller coverings in a process called molting. This time-lapse video shows a female Mexican Red Knee tarantula molting, an event that takes more than three hours but that is compressed here into a minute. To wriggle out of its old exoskeleton, the spider lies on its side and slowly pulls out its legs, like someone peeling off a tight pair of jeans.

A nightmare-inducing robot tarantula has been built using a 3D printer. The all-terrain machine, which weighs less than 5 kilograms (11lbs), can climb tricky surfaces like rocks and stairs with ease. It runs using 18 different motors that help it move smoothly over uneven surfaces. The motors give the robot exceptional flexibility and even appear to make it dance in a video of the strange machine. A hexapod robot is a mechanical vehicle that walks on six legs.

Oyamel Cocina Mexicana, in the Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D.C., is a restaurant specializing in insects. Stepping inside on a cool June evening in 2014, my friend Stephen Wood and I were immersed in the colors and smells of Oaxaca, Mexico. Oyamel is the name of the fir tree native to central Mexico where monarch butterflies rest upon migrating from the United States and Canada, and the décor had a lepidopteran theme: The glass door at the entrance was studded with transparent red, yellow, and pink butterflies, and butterfly mobiles hung from the ceiling. But it wasn't butterflies that Stephen and I had come to sample. Our quest focused on chapulines, soft tacos stuffed with grasshoppers. Taking our order, the waitress noted our luck: The grasshoppers sometimes get held up coming through customs from Mexico, but that night they were readily available. Stephen and I ordered a number of small, tapas-like dishes, and when the chapulines arrived, I saw insect body parts right away. A delicate grasshopper leg tumbled onto the table when I raised the taco to my mouth.

The limits of your language are the limits of your world. There are three often overlooked dimensions of importance to be considered when attempting to define a concept used by humans. They are A: The Emotive-Evaluative Dimension. These terms range from expressive to dispassionate with either positive (celebratory) or negative (deprecatory) connotation.(For This focusses on the extent to which judgment is based on presumption as opposed to demonstration, e.g.