When a survey in 2015 revealed that more than half of Guangzhou's female commuters had experienced some form of sexual harassment ("inappropriate touching") on public transport, a handful of Chinese cities began reserving subway cars for female commuters. But the designated carriages, which were sometimes labelled in pink Chinese characters with floral adornments, did little to deter men from squeezing aboard. "When everyone is rushing to work, no one cares whether it is a female-only car or not," one commuter complained on weibo. Indeed, many men have either blatantly ignored the restrictions or were oblivious to women-only subway carriages. Enforcement has lacked teeth – in part because the metro system is so overcrowded.