Hedonic Games (HGs) are a classical framework modeling coalition formation of strategic agents guided by their individual preferences.

Previous works have implicitly studied that FL suffers from the "client-drift" problem, which is caused by the inconsistent optimum across local clients.

As such, in games where the marginalization of CCE coincides with the game's Nash equilibria (like

However, sampling is not the only source of uncertainty. In practice, distributions change between locations and across time.

This perspective enable a more direct comprehension of how the learning trajectory influences generalization error.