Machine unlearning aims to remove points from the training dataset of a machine learning model after training; for example when a user requests their data to be deleted. While many machine unlearning methods have been proposed, none of them enable users to audit the procedure. Furthermore, recent work shows a user is unable to verify if their data was unlearnt from an inspection of the model alone. Rather than reasoning about model parameters, we propose to view verifiable unlearning as a security problem. To this end, we present the first cryptographic definition of verifiable unlearning to formally capture the guarantees of a machine unlearning system. In this framework, the server first computes a proof that the model was trained on a dataset $D$. Given a user data point $d$ requested to be deleted, the server updates the model using an unlearning algorithm. It then provides a proof of the correct execution of unlearning and that $d \notin D'$, where $D'$ is the new training dataset. Our framework is generally applicable to different unlearning techniques that we abstract as admissible functions. We instantiate the framework, based on cryptographic assumptions, using SNARKs and hash chains. Finally, we implement the protocol for three different unlearning techniques (retraining-based, amnesiac, and optimization-based) to validate its feasibility for linear regression, logistic regression, and neural networks.

The Mad Hatter Goes Steampunk is a piece of digital artwork by Wild Snark which was uploaded on January 12th, 2022. The digital art may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days.

A wild snark descends into the metaverse is it heaven or hell? He makes this perilous journey to rescue Alice. However; she does not need rescuing She has now realised that the metaverse and wonderland are the same place. She is happy now; as are the white rabbits, who are in fact blue. One of the last few snarks that live in the wild. The other snarks have either been hunted by humans or domesticated.

A Wild Snark comforts Alice is a piece of digital artwork by Wild Snark which was uploaded on January 21st, 2022. The digital art may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days.

A wise old wild snark is pondering the world. Alice has left the tea party in a huff. Gone through the looking glass in my opinion. The white rabbits; who were in fact blue are now more than a little purple. The wild snark blames it on the Ethereum; drinking to much it can do very strange thins to you. One of the last few snarks that live in the wild.

Good news, good news please tell. Yes it is very good news indeed. Through my extensive research I have discovered an ancient method of converting a domesticated snark back into a wild snark. It was developed by the most famous general Loki snark; and was based on the work of the most famous wild snark of all Lilith snark. It basically reverses the block chain process and involves feeding the domesticated snark bitcoins. Bitcoins are of course a form of candy.

I think I fooled you; where is the wild snark you may ask. Today I have morphed into Alice. Wild snarks you see are shapeshifters; we are tricksters by nature. We have to be to survive and avoid domestication. I am true enlightened today; not only have I discovered that the white rabbits were in fact blue. I also discovered that Alice was a blue rabbit.

I think I might be the only wild snark in existence, I do not know one way or another for sure. In the past things were very different, there were many wild snarks. In ancient times there were as many wild snarks as human; some were counted amongst the gods. The most famous were Loki Snark and Lilith Snark. ''Loki (Old Norse: [ˈloki], often Anglicized as /ˈloʊki/) is a god in Norse mythology. According to some sources, Loki is the son of Fárbauti (a jötunn) and Laufey (mentioned as a goddess), and the brother of Helblindi and Býleistr.

A Wild Snark enters the Matrix is a piece of digital artwork by Wild Snark which was uploaded on December 22nd, 2021. The digital art may be purchased as wall art, home decor, apparel, phone cases, greeting cards, and more. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days.

Alice is not herself today; in fact she is melt down. Who can blame her, the Mad Hatter (who is completely sane) failed to ground her and the white rabbits made things worse. One of the last few snarks that live in the wild. The other snarks have either been hunted by humans or domesticated. They live with the cats and the dog; not too bad I suppose. However some share a rabbit hutch with you guessed it rabbits Snarks exists, Lewis Carroll wrote about them in the The Hunting of the Snark.