A.1 Full derivation425 We present the complete derivation of the objective function in each subproblem defined in Section426 3.2. For brevity, let rt =(1+)rEt +rIt and V EE (st)= Vt. Under this assumption, E serves as 0 (see above). This451 enables updating E+I using the local approximation. We leave relaxing this assumption as future452 work.453

The Boston startup uses AI to translate and verify legacy software for defense contractors, arguing modernization can't come at the cost of new bugs. Code Metal, a Boston-based startup that uses AI to write code and translate it into other programming languages, just closed a $125 million Series B funding round from new and existing investors. The news comes just a few months after the startup raised $36 million in series A financing led by Accel. Code Metal is part of a new wave of startups aiming to modernize the tech industry by using AI to generate code and translate it across programming languages. One of the questions that persists about AI-assisted code, though, is whether the output is any good--and what the consequences might be if it's not.

Such asymmetry presents two issues.

Since our manually collected test sets are rather small, we decided to avoid tuning hyperparameters on them as this would require holding out a non-trivial number of data points.

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