The present study aims to investigate a cluster cleaning algorithm that is both computationally simple and capable of solving the PU classification when the SCAR condition is unsatisfied. A secondary objective of this study is to determine the robustness of the LassoJoint method to perturbations of the SCAR condition. In the first step of our algorithm, we obtain cleaning labels from 2-means clustering. Subsequently, we perform logistic regression on the cleaned data, assigning positive labels from the cleaning algorithm with additional true positive observations. The remaining observations are assigned the negative label. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by comparing 11 real data sets from machine learning repositories and a synthetic set. The findings obtained from this study demonstrate the efficacy of the clustering algorithm in scenarios where the SCAR condition is violated and further underscore the moderate robustness of the LassoJoint algorithm in this context.

Model details can be found at https://huggingface.co/gpt2 Popular phrases such as "pair of" are examples of repetitive

In this work, we aim to advance our understanding by presenting a straightforward and fundamental explanation from the data perspective. Our preliminary investigation reveals a strong correlation between the degeneration issue and the presence of repetitions in training data. Subsequent experiments also demonstrate that by selectively dropping out the attention to repetitive words in training data, degeneration can be significantly minimized.

In Appendix A, we start by showing more qualitative results of chats and their retrieval results, and BLIP2 chats compared to a human answerer. Next, in Appendix B, we present the few shot instructional prompts that were used by different LLMs for generating follow-up questions. Another example in Figure 2 describes two trains, searched by the text "A train that is parked next to another train". Figure 3 demonstrates a case where the description "a small and dirty kitchen with pots and food everywhere" is ambiguous, subjective to the viewer and may match many images in the corpus. In Figure 4 we show an example of a dialog between ChatIR and a human.

This basic formula has seen almost universal adoption across many different medical specialties.