The top two rows show easy cases, while the bottom three rows present hard cases, including crowdedness, complex backgrounds, and tiny objects.

The development of foundation vision models has pushed the general visual recognition to a high level, but cannot well address the fine-grained recognition in specialized domain such as invasive species classification. Identifying and managing invasive species has strong social and ecological value.

While the ImageNet dataset has been driving computer vision research over the past decade, significant label noise and ambiguity have made top-1 accuracy an insufficient measure of further progress.

Ant evolution favored large colonies over individual strength. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. Here's a fun (and creepy) fact: The Earth is home to approximately 20 quadrillion ants . To put zeroes on it, that's around 20,000,000,000,000,000 of the six-legged insects living all around us. How did such diminutive creatures attain their prominent--and ecologically vital -role on the planet?

From its role in kissing to mythological healing powers, mistletoe's roots run deep. This novella was the earliest and most popular of Dickens' Christmas stories. The kissing under mistletoe (left) and evergreen decoration hanging from the ceiling are vestiges of pre-Christian winter rites. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. It's hard to imagine a holiday season without Bing Crosby's Christmas standard Originally written from the perspective of a soldier stationed overseas during World War II, his longing for the simple comforts of home and reconnecting with his loved ones at Christmas is almost palpable: " Mistletoe just inexplicably feels familiar. Every December, the evergreen sprig s that spent the offseason hidden in our subconscious are suddenly all around us. Mistletoe is the long-lost acquaintance that we instantly recognize and embrace, yet whose backstory has been lost to us. "When I talk to people about parasitic plants, I know mistletoe is the one that they'll immediately recognize even if they don't really know it's a parasite," Virginia Tech plant biologist Jim Westwood tells . Author Washington Irving, best known for The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and is often credited with helping popularize the parasitic evergreen shrub in the United States. He wrote about the plant in an 1820 collection of short stories, but the roots of mistletoe go much deeper elsewhere in the world. Dating back to Ancient Greece and Rome, leafy mistletoe has long excited the imagination. Mistletoe served as a centerpiece of Celtic Rituals and Norse myths, where it bestowed life and fertility and served as an aphrodisiac, a plant of parley, an antidote for poisons, and a means of safe passage to and from Hades. According to The Living Lore, since the plant can thrive in the high branches of its host without soil, "many cultures saw mistletoe as a sacred plant, existing in liminal spaces between life and death, earth and sky, and human and divine." In Old Norse mythology, Baldr, the son of the god Odin and the goddess Frigg, was slain with a mistletoe spear. Some interpretations suggest that, "kissing under the mistletoe symbolizes forgiveness, echoing Frigg's grief and eventual reconciliation with the plant." Many early physicians and scientists saw mistletoe as a cure-all for the woes of the world. It was used to treat various diseases and conditions including epilepsy, infertility, and ulcers. In Pliny's, the writer and physician describes the Celtic ritual of oak and mistletoe. High priests dressed in white harvested mistletoe with golden sickles from the branches of sacred oak trees to make an elixir that could counteract any poison and render any barren animal fertile. "It's easy to imagine how people become fixated on mistletoe plants," says Westwood. "It stays green all winter growing in its host tree.

Neural Cellular Automata (NCAs) offer a way to study the growth of two-dimensional artificial organisms from a single seed cell. From the outset, NCA-grown organisms have had issues with stability, their natural boundary often breaking down and exhibiting tumour-like growth or failing to maintain the expected shape. In this paper, we present a method for improving the stability of NCA-grown organisms by introducing an 'identity' layer with simple constraints during training. Results show that NCAs grown in close proximity are more stable compared with the original NCA model. Moreover, only a single identity value is required to achieve this increase in stability. We observe emergent movement from the stable organisms, with increasing prevalence for models with multiple identity values. This work lays the foundation for further study of the interaction between NCA-grown organisms, paving the way for studying social interaction at a cellular level in artificial organisms. Code/Videos available at: https://github.com/jstovold/ALIFE2025

We analyze an algorithm for assigning weights prior to scalarization in discrete multi-objective problems arising from data analysis. The algorithm evolves the weights (the relevance of features) by a replicator-type dynamic on the standard simplex, with update indices computed from a normalized data matrix. We prove that the resulting sequence converges globally to a unique interior equilibrium, yielding non-degenerate limiting weights. The method, originally inspired by evolutionary game theory, differs from standard weighting schemes in that it is analytically tractable with provable convergence.

The same pulling force that causes "tears" in a glass of wine also shapes embryos. It's another example of how genes exploit mechanical forces for growth and development. Sip a glass of wine, and you will notice liquid continuously weeping down the wetted side of the glass. In 1855, James Thomson, brother of Lord Kelvin, explained in the that these wine "tears" or "legs" result from the difference in surface tension between alcohol and water. "This fact affords an explanation of several very curious motions," Thomson wrote.

What it's like to be in the middle of a conspiracy theory (according to a conspiracy theory expert) It's something of a familiar cycle by now: Tragedy hits; rampant misinformation and conspiracy theories follow. It's often even more acute in the case of a natural disaster, when conspiracy theories about what "really" caused the calamity run right into culture-war-driven climate change denialism. Put together, these theories obscure real causes while elevating fake ones. I've studied these ideas extensively, having spent the last 10 years writing about conspiracy theories and disinformation as a journalist and researcher. I've covered everything from the rise of QAnon to whether Donald Trump faked his assassination attempt. I've written three books, testified to Congress, and even written a report for the January 6th Committee.