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Diagnosing and Predicting Autonomous Vehicle Operational Safety Using Multiple Simulation Modalities and a Virtual Environment

Beck, Joe, Huff, Shean, Chakraborty, Subhadeep

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Even as technology and performance gains are made in the sphere of automated driving, safety concerns remain. Vehicle simulation has long been seen as a tool to overcome the cost associated with a massive amount of on-road testing for development and discovery of safety critical "edge-cases". However, purely software-based vehicle models may leave a large realism gap between their real-world counterparts in terms of dynamic response, and highly realistic vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) simulations that encapsulate a virtual world around a physical vehicle may still be quite expensive to produce and similarly time intensive as on-road testing. In this work, we demonstrate an AV simulation test bed that combines the realism of vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) simulation with the ease of implementation of model-in-the-loop (MIL) simulation. The setup demonstrated in this work allows for response diagnosis for the VIL simulations. By observing causal links between virtual weather and lighting conditions that surround the virtual depiction of our vehicle, the vision-based perception model and controller of Openpilot, and the dynamic response of our physical vehicle under test, we can draw conclusions regarding how the perceived environment contributed to vehicle response. Conversely, we also demonstrate response prediction for the MIL setup, where the need for a physical vehicle is not required to draw richer conclusions around the impact of environmental conditions on AV performance than could be obtained with VIL simulation alone. These combine for a simulation setup with accurate real-world implications for edge-case discovery that is both cost effective and time efficient to implement.


VSRQ: Quantitative Assessment Method for Safety Risk of Vehicle Intelligent Connected System

Zhang, Tian, Guan, Wenshan, Miao, Hao, Huang, Xiujie, Liu, Zhiquan, Wang, Chaonan, Guan, Quanlong, Fang, Liangda, Duan, Zhifei

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The field of intelligent connected in modern vehicles continues to expand, and the functions of vehicles become more and more complex with the development of the times. This has also led to an increasing number of vehicle vulnerabilities and many safety issues. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify high-risk vehicle intelligent connected systems, because it can inform security personnel which systems are most vulnerable to attacks, allowing them to conduct more thorough inspections and tests. In this paper, we develop a new model for vehicle risk assessment by combining I-FAHP with FCA clustering: VSRQ model. We extract important indicators related to vehicle safety, use fuzzy cluster analys (FCA) combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to mine the vulnerable components of the vehicle intelligent connected system, and conduct priority testing on vulnerable components to reduce risks and ensure vehicle safety. We evaluate the model on OpenPilot and experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of the VSRQ model in identifying the safety of vehicle intelligent connected systems. The experiment fully complies with ISO 26262 and ISO/SAE 21434 standards, and our model has a higher accuracy rate than other models. These results provide a promising new research direction for predicting the security risks of vehicle intelligent connected systems and provide typical application tasks for VSRQ. The experimental results show that the accuracy rate is 94.36%, and the recall rate is 73.43%, which is at least 14.63% higher than all other known indicators.


JKU-ITS Automobile for Research on Autonomous Vehicles

Certad, Novel, Morales-Alvarez, Walter, Novotny, Georg, Olaverri-Monreal, Cristina

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

In this paper, we present our brand-new platform for Automated Driving research. The chosen vehicle is a RAV4 hybrid SUV from TOYOTA provided with exteroceptive sensors such as a multilayer LIDAR, a monocular camera, Radar and GPS; and proprioceptive sensors such as encoders and a 9-DOF IMU. These sensors are integrated in the vehicle via a main computer running ROS1 under Linux 20.04. Additionally, we installed an open-source ADAS called Comma Two, that runs Openpilot to control the vehicle. The platform is currently being used to research in the field of autonomous vehicles, human and autonomous vehicles interaction, human factors, and energy consumption.


$7,000 Tesla Autopilot vs $1,000 Openpilot: Self-Driving Test!

#artificialintelligence

Sponsored: Visit http://prizeo.com/tesla to enter for a chance to win a Tesla Model 3! Tesla Autopilot vs Comma.ai Get 15% off the best Tesla accessories! Get free Supercharging when ordering a Tesla: http://geni.us/t3sla One of the most popular reactions from people when they see my Tesla Model 3 is they usually ask "Does it really drive itself?" because many people associate Teslas with self-driving & Tesla Autopilot which is an advanced driver assistance system. Autopilot is synonymous with Tesla, but not many people realize that other non-Tesla cars can also have their own advanced driver assistance system added at a fairly affordable price.


Efficient Black-box Assessment of Autonomous Vehicle Safety

Norden, Justin, O'Kelly, Matthew, Sinha, Aman

arXiv.org Machine Learning

While autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has shown substantial progress, we still lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de-facto}$ evaluation method, is dangerous to the public. Moreover, due to the rare nature of failures, billions of miles of driving are needed to statistically validate performance claims. Thus, the industry has largely turned to simulation to evaluate AV systems. However, having a simulation stack alone is not a solution. A simulation testing framework needs to prioritize which scenarios to run, learn how the chosen scenarios provide coverage of failure modes, and rank failure scenarios in order of importance. We implement a simulation testing framework that evaluates an entire modern AV system as a black box. This framework estimates the probability of accidents under a base distribution governing standard traffic behavior. In order to accelerate rare-event probability evaluation, we efficiently learn to identify and rank failure scenarios via adaptive importance-sampling methods. Using this framework, we conduct the first independent evaluation of a full-stack commercial AV system, Comma AI's OpenPilot.


Ghost raises $63.7 million to develop an aftermarket kit that gives cars self-driving capabilities

#artificialintelligence

Self-driving cars have countless obstacles to contend with on the road, chiefly drivers who don't always act predictably -- or responsibly. There's inclement precipitation and wind to worry about, plus jaywalking pedestrians and zippy electric bikes and scooters. That's not to mention alleyways and busy intersections that no amount of Google Maps data can elucidate. Perhaps it's not surprising, then, that Ghost Locomotion, a stealthy startup headed by former Yahoo CTO and Pure Storage cofounder John Hayes, isn't tackling a full stack autonomous car platform just yet. Instead, it's honing in on the task that constitutes two-thirds of all miles driven in the U.S.: highway driving.