Analysis by researchers at the University of Bern suggests that water and other volatile compounds arrived on Earth from outer space--specifically via a collision with a Mars-sized planet billions of years ago. Many scientists believe that in its infancy, Earth collided with another world the size of Mars, and that instead of being destroyed, it was transformed, incorporating the mass of that foreign body to become the planet we know. Recent research adds another layer of relevance to that hypothesized cosmic event: Scientists believe that without that other body, the basic conditions for life to emerge on Earth might never have appeared. A team from the University of Bern in Switzerland argues that, due to its proximity to the sun, the proto-Earth that existed before this potential collision lost the volatile elements essential to form complex molecules. Any hydrogen, carbon, or sulfur, their analysis suggests, evaporated in just the first 3 million years after proto-Earth's formation.

More than 1.3 million Californians may be drinking high levels of manganese, enough to cause cognitive disabilities in children and Parkinson's-like symptoms in adults. The discovery was made by researchers at the University of California - Riverside (UCR), who discovered the mineral is thriving in untreated wells throughout Central Valley. The study found private wells and public water systems, with nearly half of the affected residents living in disadvantaged communities - almost 89 percent are likely to access water highly contaminated with manganese. While manganese is found in water supplies worldwide, the US is one of the only nations not enforcing a maximum level. The research comes as the University of Los Angeles may have uncovered a link between lithium in drinking water and autism.