Given the intractably large size of the space of proofs, any model that is capable of general deductive reasoning must generalize to proofs of greater complexity. Recent studies have shown that large language models (LLMs) possess some abstract deductive reasoning ability given chain-of-thought prompts. However, they have primarily been tested on proofs using modus ponens or of a specific size, and from the same distribution as the in-context examples. To measure the general deductive reasoning ability of LLMs, we test on a broad set of deduction rules and measure their ability to generalize to more complex proofs from simpler demonstrations from multiple angles: depth-, width-, and compositional generalization. To facilitate systematic exploration, we construct a new synthetic and programmable reasoning dataset that enables control over deduction rules and proof complexity. Our experiments on four LLMs of various sizes and training objectives show that they are able to generalize to compositional proofs. However, they have difficulty generalizing to longer proofs, and they require explicit demonstrations to produce hypothetical subproofs, specifically in proof by cases and proof by contradiction.

This adorable sea lion has to eat five to eight percent of its body weight every day to stay healthy and hydrated. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. Over the long and complicated course of evolutionary history, mammals independently turned towards water to make a home multiple times. While many of the warm-blooded animals that abandoned dry land for a watery habitat no longer exist, we still have plenty of stunning examples: Think dolphins, whales, manatees, porpoises. There's even a whole suborder of carnivores called the pinnipeds, which includes seals, sea lions, and walruses who move between land and water.

Neural Information Processing Systems http://nips.cc/

Neural Information Processing Systems http://nips.cc/

Highly valued for their fur, martens were almost hunted to extinction in the late 20th century. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. It's understandable if you've never heard of the coastal marten. These secretive--but adorable--woodland carnivores nearly went extinct . Fortunately, these ferret-sized mammals are making a slow recovery in the forests of the Pacific Northwest.

With human help, the mammals can defy'the world's most fundamental natural boundaries.' Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. Despite not exactly being world-renowned swimmers, pigs have spread across the Asia-Pacific region for thousands of years . With the genetic and archeological data from over 700 pigs, a team of scientists documented how people helped the mammals make their way across thousands of miles. "This research reveals what happens when people transport animals enormous distances, across one of the world's most fundamental natural boundaries," evolutionary geneticist and study co-author author Dr. David Stanton of the University of Cardiff and Queen Mary University of London said in a statement. "These movements led to pigs with a melting pot of ancestries. These patterns were technically very difficult to disentangle, but have ultimately helped us understand how and why animals came to be distributed across the Pacific islands."

The visual system of mammals is comprised of parallel, hierarchical specialized pathways. Different pathways are specialized in so far as they use representations that are more suitable for supporting specific downstream behaviours. In particular, the clearest example is the specialization of the ventral (what) and dorsal (where) pathways of the visual cortex. These two pathways support behaviours related to visual recognition and movement, respectively. To-date, deep neural networks have mostly been used as models of the ventral, recognition pathway.

Unlike its land cousin the box turtle, painted turtles do not have a hinged bottom shell that closes when the head is pulled in. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. Winter has officially arrived in the Northern Hemisphere. With today's winter solstice, the days will start to get a little bit longer, but the cold will stick around. We humans typically handle the dipping temperatures by staying inside, sleeping more, and dressing in layers . Here are some unique ways that animals survive winter's deep freeze.

The archipelago's total bat tally now stands at 85 different flying mammals. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. A few weeks ago, conservationists announced the milestone discovery of the 1500th known bat species, . October's Bat Appreciation Month celebrations apparently aren't done yet. With only a few days remaining before Halloween, a research team has described another new species residing in the Philippines for the journal .