In 2017, the National Bureau of Economic Research conducted a large study about age discrimination in hiring that confirms the prevalence of gendered ageism. "Based on evidence from over 40,000 job applications, we find robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women, especially those near retirement age." The call back rate for older women compared to their younger female counterparts was significantly lower despite the fact that the only difference in the resumes was their age. The evaluation of resumes like many other processes in business today is managed by technology, specifically artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems.