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AI tools rapidly infiltrated peoples' lives in 2024, but AI lawmaking in the U.S. moved much more slowly. While dozens of AI-related bills were introduced this Congress--either to fund its research or mitigate its harms--most got stuck in partisan gridlock or buried under other priorities. In California, a bill aiming to hold AI companies liable for harms easily passed the state legislature, but was vetoed by Governor Gavin Newsom. This inaction has some AI skeptics increasingly worried. "We're seeing a replication of what we've seen in privacy and social media: of not setting up guardrails from the start to protect folks and drive real innovation," Ben Winters, the director of AI and data privacy at the Consumer Federation of America, tells TIME.

Senator John N. Kennedy of Louisiana criticized Facebook's user agreement during Mark Zuckerberg's Senate hearing. Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., listens to testimony during a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on Capitol Hill, Dec. 6, 2017 in Washington, D.C. (Photo: Drew Angerer, Getty Images) WASHINGTON – Senators introduced a bipartisan bill Thursday that would give Americans greater power to protect their online privacy. The day before, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg testified to Congress about the misuse of user data on the social media site. "The data breach at Facebook showed the world that the digital promised land is not all milk and honey," said Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., who co-sponsored the bill with Sen. Amy Klobuchar, D-Minn. "I don't want to regulate Facebook half to death, but there are things that need to be changed."