kingston
Londoners are baffled as a huge AI-generated Christmas mural appears over Côte Brasserie in Kingston - so, can you see what's wrong with it?
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Predictors of Childhood Vaccination Uptake in England: An Explainable Machine Learning Analysis of Longitudinal Regional Data (2021-2024)
Noroozi, Amin, Esha, Sidratul Muntaha, Ghari, Mansoureh
Childhood vaccination is a cornerstone of public health, yet disparities in vaccination coverage persist across England. These disparities are shaped by complex interactions among various factors, including geographic, demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural (GDSC) factors. Previous studies mostly rely on cross-sectional data and traditional statistical approaches that assess individual or limited sets of variables in isolation. Such methods may fall short in capturing the dynamic and multivariate nature of vaccine uptake. In this paper, we conducted a longitudinal machine learning analysis of childhood vaccination coverage across 150 districts in England from 2021 to 2024. Using vaccination data from NHS records, we applied hierarchical clustering to group districts by vaccination coverage into low- and high-coverage clusters. A CatBoost classifier was then trained to predict districts' vaccination clusters using their GDSC data. Finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was used to interpret the predictors' importance. The classifier achieved high accuracies of 92.1, 90.6, and 86.3 in predicting districts' vaccination clusters for the years 2021-2022, 2022-2023, and 2023-2024, respectively. SHAP revealed that geographic, cultural, and demographic variables, particularly rurality, English language proficiency, the percentage of foreign-born residents, and ethnic composition, were the most influential predictors of vaccination coverage, whereas socioeconomic variables, such as deprivation and employment, consistently showed lower importance, especially in 2023-2024. Surprisingly, rural districts were significantly more likely to have higher vaccination rates. Additionally, districts with lower vaccination coverage had higher populations whose first language was not English, who were born outside the UK, or who were from ethnic minority groups.
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Clutter Classification Using Deep Learning in Multiple Stages
Dempsey, Ryan, Ethier, Jonathan
Path loss prediction for wireless communications is highly dependent on the local environment. Propagation models including clutter information have been shown to significantly increase model accuracy. This paper explores the application of deep learning to satellite imagery to identify environmental clutter types automatically. Recognizing these clutter types has numerous uses, but our main application is to use clutter information to enhance propagation prediction models. Knowing the type of obstruction (tree, building, and further classifications) can improve the prediction accuracy of key propagation metrics such as path loss.
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Canada's tech hubs fall in Startup Ecosystem Rankings, smaller cities show promise BetaKit
StartupBlink, a Swiss interactive platform for startups, has released its 2019 Ecosystem Ranking Report, with Canada holding on to the third position, boasting five cities in the top 100 startup ecosystems globally. "Canada's major strength lies in the distribution of strong startup hubs scattered throughout the country." Along with Canada, the US, UK, and Israel all held on to the top four spots for countries with the strongest startup ecosystems. However, Canada's typical tech hubs fell in the rankings compared to 2017. This year, Toronto ranked 15, after dropping four spots, while Vancouver dropped six places to 24.
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A brave new world: Can robots be sued?
Case study: Some car makers, including Volvo, Google, and Mercedes, have already said they would accept full liability for their vehicles' actions when they are in autonomous mode. Even without such a pledge, it's likely that manufacturers would end up paying if their autonomous car caused harm. If the offending car were considered a defective product, its maker could be held liable under strict product-design standards, potentially leading to class-action lawsuits and expensive product recalls -- like Takata faced for its dangerous airbags. Another possibility: Going deeper into the system, the AI itself could be held responsible, according to Gabriel Hallevy, a law professor at Ono Academic College in Israel, who wrote a book about AI and criminal negligence. That still means its programmer or manufacturer could be found negligent as well, or even accomplice to a crime.
- Law > Torts Law (0.99)
- Law > Litigation (0.99)
- Transportation > Ground > Road (0.61)
When an AI finally kills someone, who will be responsible?
Here's a curious question: Imagine it is the year 2023 and self-driving cars are finally navigating our city streets. For the first time one of them has hit and killed a pedestrian, with huge media coverage. A high-profile lawsuit is likely, but what laws should apply? Today, we get an answer of sorts thanks to the work of John Kingston at the University of Brighton in the UK, who maps out the landscape in this incipient legal field. His analysis raises some important issues that the automotive, computing, and legal worlds should be wrestling with in earnest, if they are not already.
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