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Old-fashioned police forensics analysis met hi-tech computer algorithms in a new study of 2,500-year-old pottery sherds, in which Tel Aviv University researchers conclude that literacy was widespread enough for the fledgling People of the Book to have penned parts of the Bible in the 7th century BCE. "The high literacy rate detected within the small Arad stronghold… demonstrates widespread literacy in the late 7th century BCE Judahite military and administration apparatuses, with the ability to compose biblical texts during this period a possible by-product," write the researchers. This is the first study to combine forces between AI algorithms and human forensics know-how, the researchers note. The study, "Forensic document examination and algorithmic handwriting analysis of Judahite biblical period inscriptions reveal significant literacy level," was published September 9 in the prestigious online PLOS journal. Get The Times of Israel's Daily Edition by email and never miss our top stories Free Sign Up The study combines high-resolution imaging methods and complex computer algorithms with trusted police handwriting analysis to prove that the examined 18 texts had no fewer than 12 different authors way back in circa 600 BCE.

Business executives in the United States and European nations investing in artificial intelligence to improve their business also see investment in internal initiatives to motivate or inspire their human employees as important, according to a survey commissioned by Microsoft about the impact of AI on company culture and leadership released today. Motivating or inspiring employees ranked highest among 15 response options to answer how executives plan to invest alongside AI. Exploration of new market opportunities, adapting to new circumstances, and connecting people and facilitating exchange were also seen as investment priorities for executives incorporating AI in their businesses. About 800 business executives in the United States and 7 European nations including the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Russia participated in the survey. The survey also found that the faster a company is growing, the more likely they are to consider implementation of AI systems in their company.

To drive AI leadership, CEOs must "pick the right opportunities and set a mindset of experimentation," says Microsoft Services CTO Norm Judah.Microsoft He now runs his own firm, Evans Strategic Communications LLC.) CLOUD WARS -- Call it the CEO's existential challenge: in today's blindingly fast world of digital business, it's no longer enough for every business to become a software business--instead, the new imperative here in our increasingly data-driven economy is that every company must become an AI company. Citing examples of AI-driven innovation that are creating sweeping new business models in established industries as well as disruptive entries from newcomers, the CTO of Microsoft Services said in a recent interview that unless C-suite executives eagerly and bullishly embrace this new AI imperative, they run grave risks of simply becoming unable to compete in a world where AI is becoming indispensable in fully exploiting new business opportunities lurking within the vast ...

Artificial intelligence is quickly being deployed into many areas of business and society, but experts and the companies that build the technology are urging policy-makers to be wary of it's biggest weakness: the humans that design and shape it. "The obligation that we all have as the producers and consumers of this technology is to take a step back and actually start to get a deeper understanding of some of the consequences that can happen," said Norm Judah, chief technology officer for Microsoft Services, the global branch of the Seattle-based tech giant that handles business and consumer software-based offerings such as the Azure cloud platform, AI and Office365. Judah said in an interview that rapid advances in cloud computing and algorithms have accelerated the technology to the point that policy is needed to address potential ethical conflicts. "AI systems that learn are organic and continue to learn … but with lack of governance and guidance they can actually start to inherit and build biases," he said. Unlike automation, where systems are simply told to do specific repetitive tasks, the nature of AI is to find patterns, learn from experience and make decisions based on a large volume of data.

In most ancient cultures, literacy was rare, reserved for specialized scribes or religious officials. But new research shows that in the ancient kingdom of Judah, literacy may have been widespread, a fact that may reshape the timeline of when and where the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament was written. In a study recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), researchers looked at 16 ink inscriptions from a Judean fort in Arad--a remote border post in ancient times--written around 600 BCE. Using computerized imaging and machine learning tools, Tel Aviv University researchers were able to determine that the messages were written by at least six different individuals. According to a press release, the incriptions were primarily about mundane topics, like troop movements and food expenses. The nature and tone of the inscriptions, the researchers say, indicates the ability to read and write all through the chain of command, from the commander of the small garrison to the deputy quartermaster of the fort.

Historians have long debated whether the first major phase of compilation of Biblical texts took place before or after the destruction of Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Judah in 586 BC. While they agree that key texts were written starting in the 7th century BC, the exact date of the compilation remains in question. These documents are dated to the latest phase of the First Temple Period in Judah, around 600 BC. A new interdisciplinary study, led by Dr. Shira Faigenbaum-Golovin of Tel Aviv University, Israel, suggests that widespread literacy was required for this massive undertaking and provides empirical evidence of that literacy in the final days of the Kingdom of Judah. Using cutting-edge computerized image processing and machine learning tools, Dr. Faigenbaum-Golovin and her colleagues at Tel Aviv University analyzed 16 ink inscriptions found in the desert fortress of Arad.

The Bible is an unusual book, as it is not only the most controversial but also the best-selling book ever written. Now, a ground-breaking digital analysis has revealed how many writers have penned it. The research and innovative technology behind it stand to teach us about the origins of the Bible itself. "It's well understood that the Bible was not composed in real time but was probably written and edited later," Arie Shaus, a mathematician at Tel Aviv University told Gizmodo. "The question is, when exactly?"