individuation
Futurity as Infrastructure: A Techno-Philosophical Interpretation of the AI Lifecycle
This paper argues that a techno-philosophical reading of the EU AI Act provides insight into the long-term dynamics of data in AI systems, specifically, how the lifecycle from ingestion to deployment generates recursive value chains that challenge existing frameworks for Responsible AI. We introduce a conceptual tool to frame the AI pipeline, spanning data, training regimes, architectures, feature stores, and transfer learning. Using cross-disciplinary methods, we develop a technically grounded and philosophically coherent analysis of regulatory blind spots. Our central claim is that what remains absent from policymaking is an account of the dynamic of becoming that underpins both the technical operation and economic logic of AI. To address this, we advance a formal reading of AI inspired by Simondonian philosophy of technology, reworking his concept of individuation to model the AI lifecycle, including the pre-individual milieu, individuation, and individuated AI. To translate these ideas, we introduce futurity: the self-reinforcing lifecycle of AI, where more data enhances performance, deepens personalisation, and expands application domains. Futurity highlights the recursively generative, non-rivalrous nature of data, underpinned by infrastructures like feature stores that enable feedback, adaptation, and temporal recursion. Our intervention foregrounds escalating power asymmetries, particularly the tech oligarchy whose infrastructures of capture, training, and deployment concentrate value and decision-making. We argue that effective regulation must address these infrastructural and temporal dynamics, and propose measures including lifecycle audits, temporal traceability, feedback accountability, recursion transparency, and a right to contest recursive reuse.
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Deictic Codes, Demonstratives, and Reference: A Step Toward Solving the Grounding Problem
Raftopoulos, Athanassios, Müller, Vincent C.
In this paper we address the issue of grounding for experiential concepts. Given that perceptual demonstratives are a basic form of such concepts, we examine ways of fixing the referents of such demonstratives. To avoid 'encodingism', that is, relating representations to representations, we postulate that the process of reference fixing must be bottom-up and nonconceptual, so that it can break the circle of conceptual content and touch the world. For that purpose, an appropriate causal relation between representations and the world is needed. We claim that this relation is provided by spatial and object-centered attention that leads to the formation of object files through the function of deictic acts. This entire causal process takes place at a pre-conceptual level, meeting the requirement for a solution to the grounding problem. Finally we claim that our account captures fundamental insights in Putnam's and Kripke's work on "new" reference.
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Individuation in Neural Models with and without Visual Grounding
Tikhonov, Alexey, Bylinina, Lisa, Yamshchikov, Ivan P.
We show differences between a language-and-vision model CLIP and two text-only models - FastText and SBERT - when it comes to the encoding of individuation information. We study latent representations that CLIP provides for substrates, granular aggregates, and various numbers of objects. We demonstrate that CLIP embeddings capture quantitative differences in individuation better than models trained on text-only data. Moreover, the individuation hierarchy we deduce from the CLIP embeddings agrees with the hierarchies proposed in linguistics and cognitive science.
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On Event Individuation for Document-Level Information Extraction
Gantt, William, Kriz, Reno, Chen, Yunmo, Vashishtha, Siddharth, White, Aaron Steven
As information extraction (IE) systems have grown more adept at processing whole documents, the classic task of template filling has seen renewed interest as benchmark for document-level IE. In this position paper, we call into question the suitability of template filling for this purpose. We argue that the task demands definitive answers to thorny questions of event individuation -- the problem of distinguishing distinct events -- about which even human experts disagree. Through an annotation study and error analysis, we show that this raises concerns about the usefulness of template filling metrics, the quality of datasets for the task, and the ability of models to learn it. Finally, we consider possible solutions.
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Graph Querying for Semantic Annotations
Amblard, Maxime, Guillaume, Bruno, Pavlova, Siyana, Perrier, Guy
This paper presents how the online tool GREW-MATCH can be used to make queries and visualise data from existing semantically annotated corpora. A dedicated syntax is available to construct simple to complex queries and execute them against a corpus. Such queries give transverse views of the annotated data, these views can help for checking the consistency of annotations in one corpus or across several corpora. GREW-MATCH can then be seen as an error mining tool: when inconsistencies are detected, it helps finding the sentences which should be fixed. Finally, GREW-MATCH can also be used as a side tool to assist annotation tasks helping to find annotation examples in existing corpora to be compared to the data to be annotated.
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- Information Technology > Artificial Intelligence > Natural Language (1.00)
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A Moral Question: Gender and (Re)production in A.I. Artificial Intelligence 20 Years Later
Originally to be helmed by Stanley Kubrick before the baton was passed over to Steven Spielberg, A.I. Artificial Intelligence is emblazoned with visual motifs indicative of both filmmakers' catalogs. Though Kubrick died two years before the film's release, the distinct essence of both filmmakers is palpable due to Spielberg's script closely following the original treatment from Kubrick's fledgling work on the project in the '70s. Though many critics have unduly attributed certain aspects of A.I.'s contrasting tone of surreal, uncanny darkness and whimsical adventure to the wrong directors, the exploration of these two realms and the moral dilemmas they pose on a futuristic, dystopian level are never more tangible than when delving into the construction of gender. Against public misconception, Spielberg remains faithfully fixated on the sinister ethical conundrums presented in A.I., unsettling audiences with the implications of this far-off 2141 society outsourcing human emotions to machines. During the opening sequence of the film, an otherwise supplementary character simply credited as "female colleague" (April Grace) raises an uncomfortable philosophical question.
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Keynotes – BNAIC/BENELEARN 2018
Information-rich representations of text often decrease sample complexity when an natural language processing (NLP) system is trained on a task. One effective way of producing such representations is the traditional NLP pipeline: tokenization, tagging, parsing etc. An alternative are so-called embeddings that represent text in a high-dimensional real-valued space that is smooth and thereby supports generalization. Most commonly, words are represented as embeddings, but more recently contextualized embeddings like ELMo have been proposed. I will address two challenges for embeddings in this talk.
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A Representation System User Interface
Several people have contributed ideas and effort to KloneTalk. In particular, Austin Henderson was a co-initiator of t,he project, a major contributor to the system's design, and a participant in the programming Ron Brachman, Steve Weyer, and Ira Goldstein provided significant consulting support, and Ben Cohen participated in the programming. Constrains a Person's mother to be a Woman. Constrains a Person to have exactly 1 mother. The number of children is unconstrained.
A Representation System User Interface for Knowledge Base Designers
A major strength of frame-based knowledge representation languages is their ability to provide the knowledge base designer with a concise and intuitively appealing means expression. The claim of intuitive appeal is based on the observation that the object -centered style of description provided by these languages often closely matches a designer's understanding of the domain being modeled and therefore lessens the burden of reformulation involved in developing a formal description. To be effective as a knowledge base development tool, a language needs to be supported by an implementation that facilitates creating, browsing, debugging, and editing the descriptions in the knowledge base. We have focused on providing such support in a SmallTalk (Ingalls, 1978) implementation of the KL-ONE knowledge representation language (Brachman, 1978), called KloneTalk, that has been in use by several projects for over a year at Xerox PARC. In this note, we describe those features of KloneTalk's displaybased interface that have made it an effective knowledge base development tool, including the use of constraints to automatically determine descriptions of newly created data base items.
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