The first reports appeared on foreign screens, beyond the reach of most Iranians. On 28 February Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said there were signs that the tyrant is no more, suggesting Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei had been killed in a joint US-Israeli strike. Iranians watching state television, however, encountered silence. Government officials would neither confirm nor deny Khamenei's death. On one of the state broadcaster's channels, IRTV3, one news presenter urged viewers to trust him and the latest information the government had.

The Landsat program is the longest-running Earth observation program in history, with 50+ years of data acquisition by 8 satellites. The multispectral imagery captured by sensors onboard these satellites is critical for a wide range of scientific fields. Despite the increasing popularity of deep learning and remote sensing, the majority of researchers still use decision trees and random forests for Landsat image analysis due to the prevalence of small labeled datasets and lack of foundation models. In this paper, we introduce SSL4EO-L, the first ever dataset designed for Self-Supervised Learning for Earth O bservation for the Landsat family of satellites (including 3 sensors and 2 product levels) and the largest Landsat dataset in history (5M image patches). Additionally, we modernize and re-release the L7 Irish and L8 Biome cloud detection datasets, and introduce the first ML benchmark datasets for Landsats 4-5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ SR. Finally, we pre-train the first foundation models for Landsat imagery using SSL4EO-L and evaluate their performance on multiple semantic segmentation tasks.

Recent advancements in satellite technology have enabled granular insight into the evolution of human activity onthe planet'ssurface.

Thus, instead of simply detecting changed pixels, we want to identify change events. We define a change event as a group of pixels over space and time that are all changed by a single event. Weareinterested indeveloping systems thatcanautomatically detectchangeeventsandassign to each a semantic label that indicates the nature of the event, e.g., forest fires, road construction etc. Identifying change events is a much more challenging problem than change detection.

Modern deep learning approaches haveshown promising results inmeteorological applications like precipitation nowcasting, synthetic radar generation, front detection and several others. Inorder toeffectively train and validate these complex algorithms, large and diverse datasets containing high-resolution imagery are required. Petabytes of weather data, such as from the Geostationary Environmental SatelliteSystem(GOES)andtheNext-Generation Radar(NEXRAD) system, are available to the public; however, the size and complexity of these datasets isahindrance todeveloping and training deep models.

Many attempts have been made throughout the last thirty years.