Existing storage systems lack visibility into workload intent, limiting their ability to adapt to the semantics of modern, large-scale data-intensive applications. This disconnect leads to brittle heuristics and fragmented, siloed optimizations. To address these limitations, we propose Intent-Driven Storage Systems (IDSS), a vision for a new paradigm where large language models (LLMs) infer workload and system intent from unstructured signals to guide adaptive and cross-layer parameter reconfiguration. IDSS provides holistic reasoning for competing demands, synthesizing safe and efficient decisions within policy guardrails. We present four design principles for integrating LLMs into storage control loops and propose a corresponding system architecture. Initial results on FileBench workloads show that IDSS can improve IOPS by up to 2.45X by interpreting intent and generating actionable configurations for storage components such as caching and prefetching. These findings suggest that, when constrained by guardrails and embedded within structured workflows, LLMs can function as high-level semantic optimizers, bridging the gap between application goals and low-level system control. IDSS points toward a future in which storage systems are increasingly adaptive, autonomous, and aligned with dynamic workload demands.

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) enhance mobility but face cybersecurity threats, particularly through the insecure Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. Cyberattacks can have devastating consequences in connected vehicles, including the loss of control over critical systems, necessitating robust security solutions. In-vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) offer a promising approach by detecting malicious activities in real time. This survey provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art research on learning-based in-vehicle IDSs, focusing on Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Federated Learning (FL) approaches. Based on the reviewed studies, we critically examine existing IDS approaches, categorising them by the types of attacks they detect - known, unknown, and combined known-unknown attacks - while identifying their limitations. We also review the evaluation metrics used in research, emphasising the need to consider multiple criteria to meet the requirements of safety-critical systems. Additionally, we analyse FL-based IDSs and highlight their limitations. By doing so, this survey helps identify effective security measures, address existing limitations, and guide future research toward more resilient and adaptive protection mechanisms, ensuring the safety and reliability of CAVs.

As electronic systems become increasingly complex and prevalent in modern vehicles, securing onboard networks is crucial, particularly as many of these systems are safety-critical. Researchers have demonstrated that modern vehicles are susceptible to various types of attacks, enabling attackers to gain control and compromise safety-critical electronic systems. Consequently, several Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have been proposed in the literature to detect such cyber-attacks on vehicles. This paper introduces a novel generative classifier-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) designed for anomaly detection in automotive networks, specifically focusing on the Controller Area Network (CAN). Leveraging variational Bayes, our proposed IDS utilizes a deep latent variable model to construct a causal graph for conditional probabilities. An auto-encoder architecture is utilized to build the classifier to estimate conditional probabilities, which contribute to the final prediction probabilities through Bayesian inference. Comparative evaluations against state-of-the-art IDSs on a public Car-hacking dataset highlight our proposed classifier's superior performance in improving detection accuracy and F1-score. The proposed IDS demonstrates its efficacy by outperforming existing models with limited training data, providing enhanced security assurance for automotive systems.

However, it is or flows. Where a dataset does not contain both of these also a challenge when trying to compare them and choose the formats, adapting it into the form expected by a given IDS is best one for your needs, because there is no standardisation non-trivial, where the expected format is not the one provided due to the complexity of the environment that these IDSs by the dataset authors. This discrepancy presents challenges were designed for. In order to determine to what degree in obtaining satisfactory results when an IDS and dataset are IDSs can be adapted to different environments, we compare incompatible without significant processing [1]. Our evaluation their performance across common Network Intrusion process was further complicated by the necessity of converting Detection Systems (NIDS) datasets. This approach aims to these datasets into formats compatible with various IDS provide a more standardized basis for comparison, taking into solutions. This data wrangling could amplify the errors and account different variables such as attack types, networking inconsistencies inherent in the datasets.

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) play a critical role in protecting billions of IoT devices from malicious attacks. However, the IDSs for IoT devices face inherent challenges of IoT systems, including the heterogeneity of IoT data/devices, the high dimensionality of training data, and the imbalanced data. Moreover, the deployment of IDSs on IoT systems is challenging, and sometimes impossible, due to the limited resources such as memory/storage and computing capability of typical IoT devices. To tackle these challenges, this article proposes a novel deep neural network/architecture called Constrained Twin Variational Auto-Encoder (CTVAE) that can feed classifiers of IDSs with more separable/distinguishable and lower-dimensional representation data. Additionally, in comparison to the state-of-the-art neural networks used in IDSs, CTVAE requires less memory/storage and computing power, hence making it more suitable for IoT IDS systems. Extensive experiments with the 11 most popular IoT botnet datasets show that CTVAE can boost around 1% in terms of accuracy and Fscore in detection attack compared to the state-of-the-art machine learning and representation learning methods, whilst the running time for attack detection is lower than 2E-6 seconds and the model size is lower than 1 MB. We also further investigate various characteristics of CTVAE in the latent space and in the reconstruction representation to demonstrate its efficacy compared with current well-known methods.

Recent data- and learning-based sound source localization (SSL) methods have shown strong performance in challenging acoustic scenarios. However, little work has been done on adapting such methods to track consistently multiple sources appearing and disappearing, as would occur in reality. In this paper, we present a new training strategy for deep learning SSL models with a straightforward implementation based on the mean squared error of the optimal association between estimated and reference positions in the preceding time frames. It optimizes the desired properties of a tracking system: handling a time-varying number of sources and ordering localization estimates according to their trajectories, minimizing identity switches (IDSs). Evaluation on simulated data of multiple reverberant moving sources and on two model architectures proves its effectiveness on reducing identity switches without compromising frame-wise localization accuracy.

Have you ever been advised to "walk a mile in someone else's shoes?" Considering another person's perspective can be a challenging endeavor -- but recognizing our errors and biases is key to building understanding across communities. By challenging our preconceptions, we confront prejudice, such as racism and xenophobia, and potentially develop a more inclusive perspective about others. To assist with perspective-taking, MIT researchers have developed "On the Plane," a virtual reality role-playing game (VR RPG) that simulates discrimination. In this case, the game portrays xenophobia directed against a Malaysian America woman, but the approach can be generalized.

For policymakers wishing to make evidence-based decisions, one of the challenges is how to combine the relevant information and evidence in a coherent and defensible manner in order to formulate and evaluate candidate policies. Policymakers often need to rely on experts with disparate fields of expertise when making policy choices in complex, multi-faceted, dynamic environments such as those dealing with ecosystem services. The pressures affecting the survival and pollination capabilities of honey bees (Apis mellifera), wild bees and other pollinators is well-documented, but incomplete. In order to estimate the potential effectiveness of various candidate policies to support pollination services, there is an urgent need to quantify the effect of various combinations of variables on the pollination ecosystem service, utilising available information, models and expert judgement. In this paper, we present a new application of the integrating decision support system methodology for combining inputs from multiple panels of experts to evaluate policies to support an abundant pollinator population.

Abstract: We develop new financial economics theory guided structural nonparametric methods for estimating conditional asset pricing models using deep neural networks, by employing time-varying conditional information on alphas and betas carried by firm-specific characteristics. Contrary to many applications of neural networks in economics, we can open the "black box" of machine learning predictions by incorporating financial economics theory into the learning, and provide an economic interpretation of the successful predictions obtained from neural networks, by decomposing the neural predictors as risk-related and mispricing components. Our estimation method starts with period-by-period cross-sectional deep learning, followed by local PCAs to capture time-varying features such as latent factors of the model. We formally establish the asymptotic theory of the structural deep-learning estimators, which apply to both in-sample fit and out-of-sample predictions. We also illustrate the "double-descent-risk" phenomena associated with over-parametrized predictions, which justifies the use of over-fitting machine learning methods.

The MIT Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS) at the MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society (IDSS) and the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing is seeking applicants for a Postdoctoral Scholar to perform independent research in the broad areas of machine learning and intelligent systems, mentored by Prof. Navid Azizan (azizan.mit.edu). We are looking for candidates with proven excellence in research who have the vision and interest to contribute to interdisciplinary research on foundations of deep learning, optimization, dynamical systems, control, and autonomy, with applications to robotics, autonomous systems, smart grids, and societal networks. The position is available immediately with a start date of September 1, 2022, or earlier. Candidates who are currently interviewing for faculty positions but would like to spend a year at MIT before starting their faculty careers are especially encouraged to apply. Job Requirements: Doctoral degree (expected or obtained) in engineering, computer science, data science, operations research, mathematics, or a related field; strong analytical and written communication skills; and ability to work effectively in an interdisciplinary environment.