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Characterizing Jupiter's interior using machine learning reveals four key structures

Ziv, Maayan, Galanti, Eli, Howard, Saburo, Guillot, Tristan, Kaspi, Yohai

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

The internal structure of Jupiter is constrained by the precise gravity field measurements by NASA's Juno mission, atmospheric data from the Galileo entry probe, and Voyager radio occultations. Not only are these observations few compared to the possible interior setups and their multiple controlling parameters, but they remain challenging to reconcile. As a complex, multidimensional problem, characterizing typical structures can help simplify the modeling process. We used NeuralCMS, a deep learning model based on the accurate concentric Maclaurin spheroid (CMS) method, coupled with a fully consistent wind model to efficiently explore a wide range of interior models without prior assumptions. We then identified those consistent with the measurements and clustered the plausible combinations of parameters controlling the interior. We determine the plausible ranges of internal structures and the dynamical contributions to Jupiter's gravity field. Four typical interior structures are identified, characterized by their envelope and core properties. This reduces the dimensionality of Jupiter's interior to only two effective parameters. Within the reduced 2D phase space, we show that the most observationally constrained structures fall within one of the key structures, but they require a higher 1 bar temperature than the observed value. We provide a robust framework for characterizing giant planet interiors with consistent wind treatment, demonstrating that for Jupiter, wind constraints strongly impact the gravity harmonics while the interior parameter distribution remains largely unchanged. Importantly, we find that Jupiter's interior can be described by two effective parameters that clearly distinguish the four characteristic structures and conclude that atmospheric measurements may not fully represent the entire envelope.


It's a Weird Time to Be a Doomsday Prepper

The Atlantic - Technology

If you're looking for a reason the world will suddenly end, it's not hard to find one--especially if your job is to convince people they need to buy things to prepare for the apocalypse. "World War III, China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Joe Biden--you know, everything that's messed up in the world," Ron Hubbard, the CEO of Atlas Survival Shelters, told me. His Texas-based company sells bunkers with bulletproof doors and concrete walls to people willing to shell out several thousand--and up to millions--of dollars for peace of mind about potential catastrophic events. Lately, interest in his underground bunkers has been booming. "When the war broke out in Ukraine, my phone was ringing every 45 seconds for about two weeks," he said.


How WaFd embraced Amazon Lex's conversational AI to improve and speed up telephone banking

#artificialintelligence

Check out the on-demand sessions from the Low-Code/No-Code Summit to learn how to successfully innovate and achieve efficiency by upskilling and scaling citizen developers. Phone banking is starting to get a dramatic personality shift, thanks in no small part to artificial intelligence (AI) and conversational AI. The first generation of phone banking was largely driven by interactive voice response (IVR) technology. That's the touch tone-driven technology that provides the monotonous voice tone telling you to "push 3 for your bank balance." IVR is a technology that was never particularly loved by anyone but it has done the job for many banks around the world for decades, albeit in a suboptimal approach.


The Church of AI is dead… so what's next for robots and religion?

#artificialintelligence

The Way of the Future, a church founded by a former Google and Uber engineer, is now a thing of the past. It's been a few months since the world's first AI-focused church shuttered its digital doors, and it doesn't look like its founder has any interest in a revival. But it's a pretty safe bet we'll be seeing more robo-centric religious groups in the future. Perhaps, however, they won't be about worshipping the machines themselves. The world's first AI church "The Way of the Future," was the brainchild of Anthony Levandowski, a former autonomous vehicle developer who was convicted on 33 counts of theft and attempted theft of trade secrets. In the wake of his conviction, Levandowski was sentenced to 18 months in prison but his sentence was delayed due to COVID and, before he could be ordered to serve it, former president Donald Trump pardoned him.


How do we protect planets from biological cross-contamination?

Stanford Engineering

In Michael Crichton's 1969 novel The Andromeda Strain, a deadly alien microbe hitches a ride to Earth aboard a downed military satellite and scientists must race to contain it. While fictional, the plot explores a very real and longstanding concern shared by NASA and world governments: that spacefaring humans, or our robotic emissaries, may unwittingly contaminate Earth with extraterrestrial life or else biologically pollute other planets we visit. It's an old fear that's taken on a new relevance in the era of COVID-19, said Scott Hubbard, an adjunct professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Stanford University. "I have heard from some colleagues in the human spaceflight area that they can see how, in the current environment, the general public could become more concerned about bringing back some alien microbe, virus or contamination," said Hubbard, who is also the former director of NASA Ames and the first Mars program director. Hubbard is a co-author of a new report published last month by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine that reviews recent findings and recommendations related to "planetary protection" or "planetary quarantine" -- the safeguarding of Earth and other worlds from biological cross-contamination.


Expert calls for protocols to keep alien viruses from infecting Earth after humans visit Mars

Daily Mail - Science & tech

It may sound like a plot from a science fiction film, but NASA and the world governments are concerned about alien viruses contaminating Earth. As the first humans prepare for the Mars mission, experts warn that protocols are necessary to keep extraterrestrial pollutants from hitchhiking on space ships and astronauts when returning home from the Red Planet. Stanford professor of aeronautics and astronautics Scott Hubbard said in an interview that the solution is'planetary protection'. Mechanical systems will have to undergo a combination of chemical cleaning and heat sterilization, while the tubes containing samples from Mars need to be treated'as though they are the Ebola virus until proven safe.' Hubbard also suggests that astronauts must be quarantine once they touch down on our planet, as the first men who visited the moon in the Apollo mission did. As the first humans prepare for the Mars mission, experts warn that protocols need to be created to keep extraterrestrial pollutants from hitchhiking on space ships and astronauts when returning home.


Game changer: the Commodore 64 concert

The Guardian

My grandfather, a lover of classical music, was president of the Hull Philharmonic Orchestra for many years. When I was 15, I played him an orchestrated version of Nobuo Uematsu's To Zanarkand, from the video game Final Fantasy X. "This isn't real music if it's from a video game," he told me at the time. I don't think he could ever have imagined that 12 years later, the Hull orchestra to which he had devoted so many years would be performing music from 1980s video games, in front of a packed hall. In the past, video game music concerts were a promotional novelty, but today they are regular and well-attended billings in venues across the world. From The Legend of Zelda: Symphony of the Goddess to Final Fantasy: Distant Worlds, Assassin's Creed Symphony to the recent debut by the London Video Game Orchestra and even a performance by the BBC Concert Orchestra hosted by lauded composer Jessica Curry, fans are flocking to concert halls to hear their favourite video game melodies played live.


AI is more than just doing things cheaper and faster

#artificialintelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) stepped out of the research labs and into the limelight at the 17th Cebit exhibition and conference held in Sydney, Australia. Every conference this year contains a dead human genius reincarnated as software system or a robot. Yes, there is a lot of hype, but there is real worth in AI and Machine Learning. Read our counseling on how to avoid adopting "black box" approach. You forgot to provide an Email Address.


Top IT Priority: Cloud. AI, Not So Much - InformationWeek

#artificialintelligence

Cloud and hybrid IT are the top priority for IT organizations today (91%), with automation (79%) and big data analytics (78%) following not too far behind, according to the annual SolarWinds IT Trends Index report. But guess what's not very high on the priority list for IT? Artificial intelligence (32%), machine learning (30%), and blockchain (11%). All these need to get in line behind a host of other technologies before they get more attention from IT. These findings are among many in this year's IT Trends Index report that surveyed 803 IT pros -- both leaders and rank-and-file -- in several regions around the world. The report delves into IT attitudes around technologies that include containers, the Internet of Things (IoT), software-defined everything, and robotics, among others. Given all the hype around artificial intelligence, we wondered why we are hearing so much about it if it's not an IT priority?


AI is more than just doing things cheaper and faster

#artificialintelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) stepped out of the research labs and into the limelight at the 17th Cebit exhibition and conference held in Sydney, Australia. You forgot to provide an Email Address. This email address doesn't appear to be valid. This email address is already registered. You have exceeded the maximum character limit.