The process of learning new behaviors over time is a problem of great interest in both neuroscience and artificial intelligence. However, most standard analyses of animal training data either treat behavior as fixed or track only coarse performance statistics (e.g., accuracy, bias), providing limited insight into the evolution of the policies governing behavior. To overcome these limitations, we propose a dynamic psychophysical model that efficiently tracks trial-to-trial changes in behavior over the course of training. Our model consists of a dynamic logistic regression model, parametrized by a set of time-varying weights that express dependence on sensory stimuli as well as task-irrelevant covariates, such as stimulus, choice, and answer history.

Oscars 2026: Here are all the moments you didn't see on TV The 98th Academy Awards featured emotional speeches, comical relief and a bevy of backstage fun. While movie magic plays a role in the show itself (the ceremony, after all, is actually hosted at the Dolby Theatre in a shopping centre), there is a lot you don't see on TV. Frankenstein production designer addressed the media with his Oscar statuette in one hand and what appeared to be a beer in the other and Mr Nobody Against Putin filmmaker Pasha Talankin re-lived his Oscars win by re-reading the envelope that announced that his movie won the award for documentary feature film. We saw some of the tightest security in recent years and witnessed the frenzied panic after one Oscar award became two when those vying for best short action film was announced as a historic tie. Here's what it's like on the scene during Hollywood's biggest night and everything you did not see on TV.

Alpine glacier holds history dating back to the Romans. Scientists are racing to document 6,000 years of history stored inside the Weißseespitze ice cap. The dark surface shows significant melting. Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. Deep inside the frozen Eastern Alps, the Weißseespitze ice cap (pronounced VICE-zay-shpitt-suh) sits at almost 11,482 feet (3,500 meters) above sea level.

Science Archaeology Civil War shipwreck remains in'fantastic' shape on ocean floor The USS Monitor was an ironclad ship nicknamed a'Yankee cheesebox.' A bathymetric view of USS Monitor, looking at the stern of the wreck with the boilers and inner framework of the armor belt captured by Northrop Grumman using μSAS . Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent six days a week. One of the most famous shipwrecks in United States history has received a glow-up, courtesy of stunningly detailed, underwater 3D scanning technology. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recently released highlights from its 2025 survey of the USS Monitor, the iconic prototype ironclad warship that sank during the Civil War .

Windshield wipers' overlooked female inventor On November 10, 1903, Birmingham businesswoman Mary Anderson was issued U.S. Patent No. 743,801 for her "Window-Cleaning Device." We may earn revenue from the products available on this page and participate in affiliate programs. Before cars and buses became ubiquitous features of the modern cityscape, many cities installed streetcars to shuttle residents from neighborhood to neighborhood. In the summer months, the journey was a sweltering one, with dozens of sticky, sweaty passengers crammed together in the heat. The biggest problem wasn't that trolleys were unheated--that advancement came with their electrification in the 1890s--it was that sleet and snow made it impossible for streetcar drivers to see.

The dense connections between layers change the definition of what from one layer to the next.

Visualising AI spending: How does it compare with history's mega projects? World leaders and tech executives are convening in New Delhi for the India-AI Impact Summit 2026, focusing on the role of artificial intelligence in governance, job disruption and global collaboration. However, behind these discussions lies the financial reality. Over the past decade, AI has drawn one of the largest waves of private investment in modern history, totalling trillions of dollars. According to Gartner, a United States-based business and technology insights company, worldwide spending on AI is forecast to total $2.5 trillion in 2026, a 44 percent increase over 2025.

Reward Machines provide an automaton-inspired structure for specifying instructions, safety constraints, and other temporally extended reward-worthy behaviour. By exposing the underlying structure of a reward function, they enable the decomposition of an RL task, leading to impressive gains in sample efficiency.