It was believed that Hephaestus, the Greek god of metallurgy, created and programmed a giant bronze warrior named Talos to protect Crete. Talos is said to be a futuristic cybernetic creature that can think and feel. It was believed that Hephaestus created the creature as part of his project, combining neurological-computer interfaces and living and non-living components into one massive being. The mythology surrounding the creation of the warrior is also said to be the first example of people thinking about the potential of Artificial Intelligence and intelligent robots. Cut to the present, Artificial Intelligence is all around us, and data and algorithms have become more essential to our lives than we can fathom.

We might think that the conception of robots, AI, and automated machines is a modern phenomenon, but, in fact, the idea had already appeared in Western literature nearly 3,000 years ago. Long before Isaac Asimov conceived the Laws of Robotics (1942) and John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" (1995), Ancient Greeks myths were full of stories about intelligent humanoids. The fact that these mythical humanoids meet the criteria of modern definitions on robotics and AI is impressive in itself. But what's even more astonishing is that these old tales can provide us with valuable teachings and insights into our modern discourse on artificial intelligence. Such stories "perpetuated over millennia, are a testament to the persistence of thinking and talking about what it is to be human and what it means to simulate life," historian Adrienne Mayor, writes in her book Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology.

Is mankind really on the brink of an exciting, but potentially terrifying future? Some scholars think that this is the case say, but they base their prediction not on what is currently happening in universities and robotics laboratories around the world, but on their belief that a robotic revolution has already taken place. Ancient religions and myths spoke of many artificially constructed entities. They are often depicted as instruments of protection, but it sometimes happens that they rebel against those who created them with disastrous consequences. American Rabbi Ariel Bar Tzadok, founder of the Kosher Torah School, stated: "There is a legend that has existed since the dawn of time. I am referring to the Golem. It is an artificial life source from inanimate material that then comes to life. The Golem was created by means of an ancient technology known to the Pharaoh's magicians, Moses, the rabbis of the Talmud and the rabbis of the Kabbalah in Europe" They all brought the Golem to life through magic by writing the name of God on the creature's forehead.

As a former professor in artificial intelligence, one of my favorite – and surely one of the oldest – technological myths is found in the masterpiece, the Iliad. In Homer's poem narrating the Trojan War, the God of metalworking, Hephaestus, engineers one of the first robots known to history, a handmaiden designed to assist him in his forge. Not happy with limiting himself to manufacturing, Hephaestus steps it up by designing Talos, an automated bronze giant whose purpose was to protect ancient Crete from pirates and invaders. While thousands of years have passed since Hephaestus' mythical robots came to life, today's intelligent machines – strong with skillful AI – are making headway in our own workplaces. Take the factories and warehouses adversely affected by the pandemic as an example. With fewer and fewer workers willing and able to assist our manufacturers and fulfilment centers, many are embracing AI and machine learning to automate tasks such as quality control which are traditionally reliant on scores of human workers.

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As a former professor in artificial intelligence, one of my favorite–and surely one of the oldest–technological myths is found in the masterpiece, the Iliad. In Homer's poem narrating the Trojan War, the God of metalworking, Hephaestus, engineers one of the first robots known to history, a handmaiden designed to assist him in his forge. Not happy with limiting himself to manufacturing, Hephaestus steps it up by designing Talos, an automated bronze giant whose purpose was to protect ancient Crete from pirates and invaders. While thousands of years have passed since Hephaestus' mythical robots came to life, today's intelligent machines–strong of skillful AI–are making headway in our own workplaces. Take the factories and warehouses adversely affected by the pandemic as an example.

This piece explores myths about Artificial Intelligence, such as "I need to go to a university and hire an AI PhD" and "I need to collect millions of images to even know if using AI is possible." As a former professor in artificial intelligence, one of my favorite–and surely one of the oldest–technological myths is found in the masterpiece, the Iliad. In Homer's poem narrating the Trojan War, the God of metalworking, Hephaestus, engineers one of the first robots known to history, a handmaiden designed to assist him in his forge. Not happy with limiting himself to manufacturing, Hephaestus steps it up by designing Talos, an automated bronze giant whose purpose was to protect ancient Crete from pirates and invaders. While thousands of years have passed since Hephaestus' mythical robots came to life, today's intelligent machines–strong of skillful AI–are making headway in our own workplaces.

Machine Learning (ML) in healthcare has an affinity for patient-centred care and individual-level predictions. Both individual health and population health are not divergent, but at the same time, both are not the same and may require different approaches. ML in public health applications receives far less attention. The skills available to public health organizations to transition towards an integrated data analytics is limited. Hence the latest advances in ML and artificial intelligence (AI) have made very little impact on public health analytics and decision making.

This week, Oxford University announced that American billionaire and philanthropist Stephen A. Schwarzman had gifted the university with its largest cash donation ever--£150 million--to fund (among other things) an institution to investigate the ethics of artificial intelligence. Mr. Schwarzman said that universities need to serve as advisers on the ethics of artificial intelligence and technological advances. While it is certainly true that the technology has moved rapidly ahead of the legislation that patrols it, this is hardly the first time people have thought about the ethics of AI. As any sci-fi buff will tell you, we have been mulling over the ethical ramifications of technologies we didn't possess for a century. What they might not know, however, is that people have been thinking about the potentials and pitfalls of the robot world for thousands of years.

Thousands of years before machine learning and self-driving cars became reality, the tales of giant bronze robot Talos, artificial woman Pandora and their creator god, Hephaestus, filled the imaginations of people in ancient Greece. A Greek vase painting, dating to about 450 B.C., depicts the death of Talos. Stanford's Adrienne Mayor examined the myth of Talos and others in her latest research. Historians usually trace the idea of automata to the Middle Ages, when the first self-moving devices were invented, but the concept of artificial, lifelike creatures dates to the myths and legends from at least about 2,700 years ago, said Adrienne Mayor, a research scholar in the Department of Classics in the School of Humanities and Sciences. These ancient myths are the subject of Mayor's latest book, Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology.