No one wants to be falsely accused of saying or doing something that will destroy their reputation. Even more nightmarish is a scenario where, despite being innocent, the fabricated "evidence" against a person is so convincing that they are unable to save themselves. Yet thanks to a rapidly advancing type of artificial intelligence (AI) known as "deepfake" technology, our near-future society will be one where everyone is at great risk of having exactly that nightmare come true. Deepfakes -- or videos that have been altered to make a person's face or body appear to do something they did not in fact do -- are increasingly used to spread misinformation and smear their targets. Political, religious and business leaders are already expressing alarm by the viral spread of deepfakes that maligned prominent figures like former US President Donald Trump, Pope Francis and Twitter CEO Elon Musk.

Mind, that is based on a new television series shown on BBC, but not yet in America. The book is a very well edited transcription of fifteen interviews with psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists, including such n,otables as George Miller, Jerome Bruner, and Rom Harre. The contributors probably familiar to most AI researchers are Daniel Dennett and Jerome Fodor, as well as two contributors well-known for their writing on art and perception, Ernst Gombrich and Richard Gregory. The interviews are uniformly intelligent, original, and stimulating. As summaries of basic arguments about mental models, perception, and ethical questions of mental problems, you can't do better than this collection.

The study of perception is divided among many established sciences: physiology, experimental psychology and machine intelligence; with several others making contributions. But each of the contributing sciences tends to have its own concepts, and ways of considering problems. Each -- to use T. S. Kuhn's term (1962) -- has its own'paradigm', within which its science is respectable. This can make co-operation difficult, as misunderstandings (and even distrust) can be generated by paradigm differences. This paper is a plea to consider perceptual phenomena from many points of view, and to consider whether a general paradigm for perception might be found.

A programming language based on sets; motivation and examples.

The ability of the higher animals to accept and interpret information from distant objects confers enormous advantages for creatures (or machines) which respond only to immediate stimulation and have no opportunity to anticipate the future. Distance receptors, especially the eyes, serve as early warning systems by giving information of distance events, making it possible to gauge the probable future. The classical biological notion of stimulusresponse applies to creatures limited to touch information. The development of distance-receptors evidently allowed brains to develop to give strategic behaviour. It is unfortunate that the early, now classical, studies of reflexes involving touch and the internal regulation of the body have been so largely taken over to describe brain function, for these concepts are inadequate for describing the central nervous system. They tell nothing about how brains handle information from the eyes, to allow animals and man to see. They tell us nothing about decision-making: how present experience is related to the stored past to predict the immediate future.