A deep learning score accurately predicted PD-L1 expression among a cohort of patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent PET/CT scans, according to study findings published in Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. "This study is important, as it is the single largest multi-institutional radiomic study population of [patients with NSCLC] to date treated with immunotherapy who had PET/CT scans that were used to predict PD-L1 status and subsequent treatment response," Robert J. Gillies, PhD, chair of cancer physiology and vice chair of radiology research at Moffitt Cancer Center, said in a press release. "Because images are routinely obtained and are not subject to sampling bias per se, we propose that the individualized risk assessment information provided by these analyses may be useful as a future clinical decision support tool pending larger prospective trials." Gillies and colleagues developed a deep learning score to predict PD-L1 expression, durable clinical benefit, PFS and OS among 697 patients with NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors across three institutions. According to study results, the score enabled researchers to distinguish between patients with PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative status.

A PLATO terminal in a museum case at the University of Illinois; photo taken by the author in 2013. This entry summarizes a series of 1970s mainframe games that have been so lost we don't even have screenshots. I also asked several dozen PLATO authors, administrators, and former CRPG Addict contributors--everyone I could find--for any additional recollections about the games. I stopped only when I was confident there was nothing left to learn. If you have any new or conflicting information about any of the games below, I welcome your comments below or an e-mail to crpgaddict@gmail.com. I will update the information below with any new material discovered. However, please do not take it upon yourself to try to track down and contact any of the people listed here on my behalf; it is likely that I have already reached out and they either declined to respond or already told me all they could. Except for Don Daglow's Dungeon, all the games listed below were written in a language called TUTOR for the PLATO educational mainframe hosted by the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Many of the games written on this system have been preserved and are playable today at Cyber1.

Bayesian networks have been used extensively in diagnostic tasks such as medicine, where they represent the dependency relations between a set of symptoms and a set of diseases. A criticism of this type of knowledge representation is that it is restricted to this kind of task, and that it cannot cope with the knowledge required in other artificial intelligence applications. For example, in computer vision, we require the ability to model complex knowledge, including temporal and relational factors. In this paper we extend Bayesian networks to model relational and temporal knowledge for high-level vision. These extended networks have a simple structure which permits us to propagate probability efficiently. We have applied them to the domain of endoscopy, illustrating how the general modelling principles can be used in specific cases.