The new open-source model speaks the language of DNA and can help researchers understand the effects of any changes on gene activity and health. The AI platform Hugging Face on Thursday released a new open-source model for understanding DNA that can run locally on a laptop. Developed in collaboration with researchers at Zhongguancun Academy in China and the University of Naples Federico II in Italy, the model is trained on genomic sequences and natural language so that people can ask questions about the effects of DNA changes on gene activity and health and get conversational answers in return. Lewis Tunstall, a senior research scientist at Hugging Face, says the tool is meant to help researchers design new drugs and genetic therapies, and it could potentially aid patients in interpreting their own genomes. "We've unlocked a new capability in language models, which is fundamentally about being able to chat with DNA," he says of the new model, dubbed Carbon-X .

Like scientists, AI models don't yet have the data to properly decode it. Researchers have only scratched the surface of the messy, three dimensional knots that influence how our genomes function.Courtesy of Quanta The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Since its molecular structure was deduced in the 1950s, DNA has been hailed by many biologists as the secret of life. They've read and studied the information stored in the DNA found in the cells of living organisms, known as their genomes, and claimed that this genetic database must be some kind of blueprint, code script, or computer. But if DNA really does harbor some greater secret about how life works, biologists have yet to find it. In fact, the human genome is less a script than a puzzle that gets harder the closer they look. Knowing the entire sequence--the order of all 3 billion or so of our DNA's chemical building blocks, nearly fully deduced by the international Human Genome Project between 1990 and 2003--hasn't helped much. That investigation showed that barely 2 percent of the human genome consists of actual genes, the information-coding sequences of DNA.

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The use of AI systems to create viruses opens up new possibilities for combating bacterial resistance. It also raises concerns about the pace at which technology is outstripping regulation. For the first time, an artificial intelligence system has created a series of previously unknown viruses capable of infecting and eliminating certain types of bacteria. This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for combating bacterial resistance . However, it also raises concerns about the potential misuse of this technology to design biological weapons.

US researchers have announced the creation of new viruses using artificial intelligence, a scientific first that raises hopes for advances in medical treatments while also stoking anxiety about the dangers of the frontier technology. In findings published in the journal Science, researchers at Stanford University and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard said they used a naturally occurring phage - a type of virus that infects bacteria - as a template to generate thousands of genomes with AI. In tests, a mixture of the synthetic viruses proved more effective at killing E coli bacteria than the naturally occurring viruses, according to the findings. "Our approach expands what synthetic genomics can achieve alongside methods such as directed evolution and rational engineering, lays out a path for generating adaptive and resilient phage therapies against rapidly evolving pathogens, and establishes a foundation for the generative design of larger, more complex genomes," the researchers wrote in Science. Brian Hie and Samuel King, two of the paper's authors, did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Artificial Intelligence has been used to design brand new viruses that are fully functional and can replicate in the laboratory, say US researchers. It is the first time whole genomes have been successfully designed by AI. The resulting 16 novel viruses were created to infect bacteria and pose no threat to people. The breakthrough has been labelled a very significant turning point in science that could unlock a new era for treating disease. But experts have also warned AI-designed viruses raise urgent safety and security concerns.

A scientist holds an agar plate containing a bacteriophage, which can be used to treat patients with persistent infections. A scientist holds an agar plate containing a bacteriophage, which can be used to treat patients with persistent infections. Scientists have made the first viruses designed by artificial intelligence in a milestone that raises hopes for new medicines but also concerns over how to ensure the technology remains safe. The viruses are specific kinds known as bacteriophages, which only infect bacteria and are used around the world to treat patients with persistent infections. In lab tests, a cocktail of the AI-designed viruses killed bugs that were resistant to natural bacteriophages.

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