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DeMod: A Holistic Tool with Explainable Detection and Personalized Modification for Toxicity Censorship

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

For example, hundreds of millions of people utilize Twitter [22], Facebook [45, 46, 50], and Weibo [66] to record life events, express personal thoughts and opinions, and interact with friends every day. The openness of social media provides a spacious environment for content sharing while resulting in the disclosure of toxic content (toxicity), defined as "a rude, disrespectful, or unreasonable comment that is likely to make someone leave a discussion" [1], including hate speech [24], harassment [8, 22], insults and abuse [5], and offensive language [14], etc. Since the severe problem of context collapse [38], social media users are usually unaware of the disclosure of toxic content. For example, the prior studies [31, 36] found that about two-thirds of toxic content was implicit toxicity in online communities and the corresponding users were usually unaware of the content and the harm to others. Research revealed that 23.00% of users regret when they re-examine their shared content due to several reasons [58], such as lack of the consequence consideration of posts, culture misjudgment, unintended audience, misunderstanding of platform norms. To avoid toxic content disclosure, social media users generally conduct content censorship before publishing a post. The censorship procedure can be implemented by users themselves or by leveraging some automated tools. For example, several studies have found that individuals usually censored their content by checking, adjusting, or even deleting part of the content to make the content suitable to be published on social media [62]. Although there have been various censorship approaches, most of them focus on toxic content detection, e.g., toxicity score evaluation with Perspective