One of the first images of AI I encountered was a white, spectral, hostile, disembodied head. It was in the computer game Neuromancer, programmed by Troy Miles and based on William Gibson's cyberpunk novel. Other people may have first encountered HAL 9000 from Stanley Kubrik's 2001: A Space Odyssey or Samantha from Spike Jonze's Her. Images from pop culture influence people's impressions of AI, but culture has an even more profound relationship to it. If there's one thing to take away from this article, it is the idea that AI systems are not objective machines, but instead based in human culture: our values, norms, preferences, and behaviours in society.

This is an Inside Science story. When a song plays on the radio, there are invisible forces at work that go beyond the creative scope of the writing, performing and producing of the song. One of those ineffable qualities is audio mastering, a process that smooths out the song and optimizes the listening experience on any device. Now, artificial intelligence algorithms are starting to work their way into this undertaking. "Mastering is a bit of a black art," explained Thomas Birtchnell, a researcher at the University of Wollongong in Australia.