When Amazon launched the Alexa virtual assistant nine years ago, its ability to decode voice commands to set a timer or play a song seemed almost magical. Today, the bar for impressive language skills is much higher, thanks to OpenAI's ChatGPT. Amazon is giving its voice assistant a reboot that takes advantage of the technology behind the new wave of chatbots that can engage in remarkably lifelike conversation. Amazon announced the upgrade to Alexa at an event held at its second headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. The assistant will answer much more complex questions and engage in more flowing, open-ended conversation, dropping the need for users to say "Alexa …" at each turn.

About 26.2 percent of American households have a smart speaker. It can play NPR and tell you the weather. It can even read your kids a bedtime story. But some parents have expressed concern that as their kids start asking smart speakers for things, those kids might turn into "demanding little twerps." Or voice assistants will give inappropriate information.

Siri, Alexa and Cortana all started out as female. Now a group of marketing executives, tech experts and academics are trying to make virtual assistants more egalitarian. Siri, Alexa and Cortana all started out as female. Now a group of marketing executives, tech experts and academics are trying to make virtual assistants more egalitarian. Have you ever noticed something most virtual assistants have in common?

Among the more modern anxieties of parents today is how virtual assistants will train their children to act. The fear is that kids who habitually order Amazon's Alexa to read them a story or command Google's Assistant to tell them a joke are learning to communicate not as polite, considerate citizens, but as demanding little twerps. This worry has become so widespread that Amazon and Google both announced this week that their voice assistants can now encourage kids to punctuate their requests with "please." The version of Alexa that inhabits the new Echo Dot Kids Edition will thank children for "asking so nicely." Google Assistant's forthcoming Pretty Please feature will remind kids to "say the magic word" before complying with their wishes.

The new Amazon Echo Dot For Kids is that little green thing on the bedside table. The new Amazon Echo Dot For Kids is that little green thing on the bedside table. "Alexa, why is Pluto so awesome?" "Alexa, what is seven plus three?" "Alexa, who is Harry Potter?" "Alexa, I'm bored." "Alexa, where do babies come from?"* Families who have an artificially intelligent "smart speaker" at home like Amazon's Echo may be used to kids saying stuff like this.

But have you met Sara? Sure, she can do basic tasks, like help you find a movie that you might like to watch, or match you with someone you should meet at an event. But behind the scenes, she's also watching your expressions, assessing your emotions, determining the strength of your budding relationship, and adjusting her approach to form a lasting bond. Sara is actually "SARA," the Socially Aware Robot Assistant, a prototype virtual assistant created by Carnegie Mellon University researchers in a larger quest to use machine learning to better understand human behavior and personalize user experiences. The idea is "to build systems that remind us of what we care most about -- that sustain and scaffold and protect those aspects of being human that are really important, like relationships," said professor Justine Cassell, an associate dean in CMU's School of Computer Science and a specialist in human-computer interaction. It's one piece of an initiative called "Project InMind."

Artificial intelligence already is a top topic at this year's World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Monday night, amid a driving blizzard that snarled traffic around town, I hosted a small dinner featuring Carnegie Mellon University's Justine Cassell. She is associate dean of technology, strategy, and impact at the university's school of computer science, and an expert on the human role in artificial intelligence. Cassell let loose the best one-liner I've heard that combats Elon Musk's fear that the robots will kill us all. "If you're afraid of the android revolution," she said, "just stand in a puddle.

How do we decide how to represent an intelligent system in its interface, and how do we decide how the interface represents information about the world and about its own workings to a user? The rubric representation covers at least three topics in this context: (1) how a computational system is represented in its user interface, (2) how the interface conveys its representations of information and the world to human users, and (3) how the system's internal representation affects the human user's interaction with the system. I argue that each of these kinds of representation (of the system, information and the world, the interaction) is key to how users make the kind of attributions of intelligence that facilitate their interactions with intelligent systems. In this vein, it makes sense to represent a systmem as a human in those cases where social collaborative behavior is key and for the system to represent its knowledge to humans in multiple ways on multiple modalities. I demonstrate these claims by discussing issues of representation and intelligence in an embodied conversational agent--an interface in which the system is represented as a person, information is conveyed to human users by multiple modalities such as voice and hand gestures, and the internal representation is modality independent and both propositional and nonpropositional.

When a robot almost looks human--almost, but not quite--it often comes across as jarringly fake instead of familiar. Robots that are clearly artificial, like WALL-E or R2-D2, don't have this problem. But androids like this one that imperfectly mimic human mannerisms and facial expressions are weird enough to be haunting. This phenomenon is known as the uncanny valley. It's a major obstacle for designers who try to make their robots look like people--and it may be just as much of a hurdle for developers who are creating bots that talk like people, but that don't have a body at all.

It started as a seemingly sweet Twitter chatbot. Modeled after a millennial, it awakened on the internet from behind a pixelated image of a full-lipped young female with a wide and staring gaze. Microsoft, the multinational technology company that created the bot, named it Tay, assigned it a gender, and gave "her" account a tagline that promised, "The more you talk the smarter Tay gets!" She brimmed with enthusiasm: "can i just say that im stoked to meet u? humans are super cool." She asked innocent questions: "Why isn't #NationalPuppyDay everyday?" Tay's designers built her to be a creature of the web, reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) to learn and engage in human conversations and get better at it by interacting with people over social media. As the day went on, Tay gained followers. She also quickly fell prey to Twitter users targeting her vulnerabilities. For those internet antagonists looking to manipulate Tay, it didn't take much effort; they engaged the bot in ugly conversations, tricking the technology into mimicking their racist and sexist behavior.