If scientists had a time machine, having a conversation with a Brit from even just 250 years ago could be very confusing. Although they'd be speaking the same language as us, the meaning of many English words have dramatically changed. In fact, the mention of things like'fudge', 'meat', 'pink', 'stripe', 'flirt' and'artificial' in a certain context could send our 18th century ancestors into a muddle. Lynne Cahill, a linguistics professor at the University of Sussex, said some words change their meanings and others don't because'there are lots of things going on'. 'As our lives change, we need words for different things, so some meanings go out of use (think of different types of horse-drawn carriage) and new ones come in (think of technology, like mobile phones and computers),' she told MailOnline. 'Languages deal with these things in different ways, sometimes using existing words with related meanings to refer to new things.' MailOnline has scoured the historical records and dictionaries to find more than 40 words that once had a very different definition.

The use of a new surgical technique developed at University College Dublin that uses artificial intelligence to detect cancerous tissue in real time during surgery could radically improve health outcomes. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, the new method demonstrates how with the use of a digital camera and dyes, cancer processes in living tissue can be viewed during an operation. This allows for surgeons to see the exact extent of cancers during a procedure, ensuring that the maximum amount of cancerous tissue is surgically removed. "If cancer can be fully detected, it's much more likely to be cured in one single operation or have combination therapies better sequenced and so the risk to the patient of recurrence and complications are markedly reduced," said Ronan Cahill, Professor of Surgery at the UCD School of Medicine and the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (MMUH). "Dynamic digital discrimination of cancer right at the time of intervention means the surgical team can better perfect the right intervention to the individual patient first time."

A surgical technique using artificial intelligence, a camera, and dyes, which enables surgeons to "see" tumours in real-time and have a far better chance of fully removing them has been developed at UCD. "The surgical team can better perfect the right intervention to the individual patient," explains Ronan Cahill, Professor of Surgery at UCD and the Mater Hospital, who developed the new approach with Jeffrey Dalli, General Surgeon and Surgical Research Fellow at UCD. The scientific work on this technique was done at UCD and also at the Mater Hospital, with technological collaboration from IBM Research. "The technology will help surgeons better discriminate during operations what is best for each individual patient," says Mr Dalli. Some 2,800 people per year are affected by colorectal cancer in Ireland, says Cahill, who has a special interest in these cancers. When cancer is not fully removed initially it becomes much harder to cure and further operations and treatments are needed, he says.

Does Mike Cahill feel seen? The 41-year-old writer-director of science fiction has now made three films, each higher-profile than the last, about ways of seeing. This is literalized most literally in the second of these efforts, I Origins, which is also, not unrelatedly, the worst titled. Released in 2014, it's about vision scientists searching for the origin of the human eye--look, a pun--which, if you didn't know, is "the window," as one character literally says, "to the soul." They find it in the genes of a sightless worm, but not before Karen, played by Brit Marling, warns her lab partner that she, at least, has no interest in getting famous, in being seen: "Recognition makes me nauseous," she says.

The treatment of mental health conditions appears to have received a boost with a recently announced research collaboration between digital mental health company SilverCloud Health and Microsoft Research. The partnership was designed to further step up the former's online offering with artificial intelligence. A little background: During the past 18 months, the two have worked in tandem on research that marries Microsoft's machine learning and AI technologies with SilverCloud, which specializes in the digital delivery of evidence-based mental healthcare to improve outcomes. Ken Cahill, CEO of Boston based SilverCloud, said the technology enables "very tailored support" to each patient; meaning "more responsive and reactive care." He called that process a "big departure" from existing digital delivery that's generic or a one-size-fits-all approach and doesn't accommodate for factors such as behavior, engagement, and effectiveness.

Mark Cahill, managing director for the ManpowerGroup, UK, commented that companies were deploying a myriad of approaches to upskill their existing workforce and build talent further, with many employers turning to long-term training courses. Online learning management systems are a popular channel for organizations to use, providing mass content which is especially useful for onboarding, compliance and cybersecurity training. Companies need to promote a culture of learning, provide career guidance, and offer short, focused upskilling opportunities. People need to know how to prepare for high growth roles of the future and that their employer supports their learning. As well as providing internal in-person and online training, companies can tap into external resources by partnering with organizations such as schools, universities and industry bodies to build communities of talent." The report also found that demand for IT skills is growing significantly: 16% of employers expect to increase headcount in IT, five times more than those expecting a decrease. The vast majority of employers in the U.S plan to increase or maintain headcount as a result of automation. Upskilling is on the rise, with 76% of companies planning to upskill their workforce by 2020, up from 28% in 2011. In the UK, 95% of employers are planning to increase or maintain headcount as a result of automation, according to the report. The research found that companies that are digitalizing are growing and this growth is producing more and new kinds of jobs. Cahill argued that the narrative around automation and AI "stealing our jobs" couldn't be further from the truth. As robots enter the workforce, they are transforming jobs but equally creating more employment opportunities as well. Every industry needs to accept this revolution is here to stay. Employers need to work out how to manage the shift and get humans to collaborate with machines."

A team of unmanned aerial vehicle experts led by the University of Alaska Fairbanks is working on delivering emergency medical supplies and, maybe later, cargo across Alaska with drones. UAF recently announced an upcoming test to fly a package across Turnagain Arm from Indian to Hope, and while that package -- a three-pound box of Q-tips, actually -- is only one step toward those goals, it could eventually lead to major changes for Alaska communities off the road system. Cathy Cahill, director of the Alaska Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Integration, spoke with Alaska Public Media's Casey Grove about the test and the center's work. Grove: Alaska has this kind of amazing history of delivering medical supplies in emergencies, you know, 1925, dog mushers running diphtheria serum to Nome, that kind of thing. So this idea seems kind of obvious, and not to be rude, but drones have been around for a while, why aren't we already doing this?

Dr. Gaurav Gupta decided the best solution to replace the missing skull bone was to use 3D printing. Dr. Gaurav Gupta successfully inserted a 3D printed skull bone into his patient, Christopher Cahill. Only a decade ago, the idea of printing parts of the human body through 3D printing was still in the realm of science fiction, according to Dr. Gaurav Gupta, assistant professor of neurosurgery at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. But on March 28, he successfully inserted a 3D printed skull implant into patient Christopher Cahill, of New Brunswick, during a four-hour surgery. Cahill suffered an injury to the frontal lobe in early 2017 that resulted in life-threatening brain swelling.

The robotics wave began sweeping into automobile and other plants decades ago, stopping short of shops staffed with a relative handful of people. Many businesses couldn't afford the contraptions, which weren't designed to squeeze into tight spaces or operate very close to human beings. A Rethink Robotics Inc. Baxter robot operated by DHL, a unit of Deutsche Post AG. Technological advances have made industrial robots more compact and kinder. Collaborative models, members of a new generation called cobots, have sensors to prevent them from harming real-life colleagues.

Voice-powered artificial intelligence is not something that's easy to set up for just any business, even if it might have real benefits in terms of driving sales or improving customer experience. Voysis is a startup that wants to change that, with an AI platform that can parse natural language input, and that works effectively in specific domains including e-commerce, entertainment and more. Voysis doesn't want to be Siri or Alexa – it wants to the perfect shop assistant, or the extremely insightful video store clerk. "Voysis is a complete voice AI platform," explained Voysis founder and CEO Peter Cahill in an interview. "What I mean by that is that the platform enables companies and businesses to rapidly stand up their own artificial intelligences that can be queried by voice or text."