Robot bees are no replacement for our vital pollinators here on Earth. Up on the International Space Station, however, robots bearing the bee name could help spacefaring humans save precious time. On Friday, NASA astronaut Anne McClain took one of the trio of Astrobees out for a spin. Bumble and its companion Honey both arrived on the ISS a month ago, and are currently going through a series of checks. Bumble passed the first hurdle when McClain manually flew it around the Japanese Experiment Module.

Robot bees are no replacement for our vital pollinators here on Earth. Up on the International Space Station, however, robots bearing the bee name could help spacefaring humans save precious time. On Friday, NASA astronaut Anne McClain took one of the trio of Astrobees out for a spin. Bumble and its companion Honey both arrived on the ISS a month ago, and are currently going through a series of checks. Bumble passed the first hurdle when McClain manually flew it around the Japanese Experiment Module.

Buoyed by the success of two robotic rovers exploring the surface of Mars, NASA scientists are building smarter and more- agile robots that can rappel down cliffs, slither between cracks and even have the sense to detect trouble. Scientist Silvano Colombano stood next to one of the new machines on a recent morning at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, where he demonstrated an eight-legged robot called Scorpion. It can climb up steep hills and plunge into rough terrain where its wheeled counterparts can't go. Next to Colombano, computer engineer Maria Bualat showed off the K9 rover, a robot similar to the Mars rovers, but one that can perform tasks 10 times faster than its cousins, which have been exploring the Red Planet since early last year. The new robots might get their chance in a few years.

As astronauts move deeper into space they must also become more autonomous from mission control on Earth. As a result, astronauts must take on additional responsibilities for jobs typically performed by flight controllers today, and crew workload and training requirements are expected to increase. Robotic automation has potential to reduce crew workload and training needs. Additionally robots with some level of autonomy can reduce human risk by per-forming hazardous tasks that crew would otherwise have to perform. We are working with NASA to investigate new concepts of operation for astronauts interacting with autonomous robots in space, including remote supervision of a planetary robot by an astronaut orbiting the planet and remote understanding of robotic activities without eyes-on monitoring. We also are developing techniques for computing and analyzing agent performance for the roles and responsibilities needed for these ConOps, and have developed software to compute these performance measures for humans and robots in-line during mission operations. We describe results of using this software to monitor rover performance during multiple NASA robotic field tests and analog mission simulations.