For decades, handmade narco subs have been some of the cocaine trade's most elusive and productive workhorses, ferrying multi-ton loads of illicit drugs from Colombian estuaries toward markets in North America and, increasingly, the rest of the world. Now off-the-shelf technology--Starlink terminals, plug-and-play nautical autopilots, high-resolution video cameras--may be advancing that cat-and-mouse game into a new phase. Uncrewed subs could move more cocaine over longer distances, and they wouldn't put human smugglers at risk of capture. And law enforcement around the world is just beginning to grapple with what this means for the future. This story is from the next print issue of magazine, which is all about crime. Google DeepMind is calling for the moral behavior of large language models--such as what they do when called on to act as companions, therapists, medical advisors, and so on--to be scrutinized with the same kind of rigor as their ability to code or do math.

Plus: Anthropic's new tools are freaking out the markets Every time OpenAI, Google, or Anthropic drops a new frontier large language model, the AI community holds its breath. It doesn't exhale until METR, an AI research nonprofit whose name stands for "Model Evaluation & Threat Research," updates a now-iconic graph that has played a major role in the AI discourse since it was first released in March of last year. The graph suggests that certain AI capabilities are developing at an exponential rate, and more recent model releases have outperformed that already impressive trend. That was certainly the case for Claude Opus 4.5, the latest version of Anthropic's most powerful model, which was released in late November. In December, METR announced that Opus 4.5 appeared to be capable of independently completing a task that would have taken a human about five hours--a vast improvement over what even the exponential trend would have predicted. But the truth is more complicated than those dramatic responses would suggest.

Elon Musk Is Rolling xAI Into SpaceX--Creating the World's Most Valuable Private Company By fusing SpaceX and xAI--which acquired X last year--Elon Musk tightens his grip over technologies that shape national security, social media, and artificial intelligence. Elon Musk's rocket and satellite company SpaceX is acquiring his AI startup xAI, the centibillionaire announced on Monday. In a blog post, Musk said the acquisition was warranted because global electricity demand for AI cannot be met with "terrestrial solutions," and Silicon Valley will soon need to build data centers in space to power its AI ambitions. "In the long term, space-based AI is obviously the only way to scale," Musk wrote. "The only logical solution therefore is to transport these resource-intensive efforts to a location with vast power and space. I mean, space is called'space' for a reason."

Americans pulling into a Starbucks drive thru might think they are being served by a friendly staff member. But at some locations, the voice listening to the order is actually an AI robot. Behind the counter inside the store, baristas can lean on a virtual personal assistant to recall recipes or manage schedules. In the back of the shop, a scanning tool has taken on the painstaking process of counting the inventory, relieving staff of one of retail's most tedious chores, in a bid to fix the out-of-stock gaps that have frustrated the firm. The new technology is part of the hundreds of millions of dollars the 55-year-old coffee giant has been investing as it tries to win back customers after several years of struggling sales.

Plus: TikTok won't be heading to court this week The first human test of a rejuvenation method will begin "shortly" Life Biosciences, a small Boston startup founded by Harvard professor and life-extension evangelist David Sinclair, has won FDA approval to proceed with the first targeted attempt at age reversal in human volunteers. The company plans to try to treat eye disease with a radical rejuvenation concept called "reprogramming" that has recently attracted hundreds of millions in investment for Silicon Valley firms like Altos Labs, New Limit, and Retro Biosciences, backed by many of the biggest names in tech. Today, an estimated 2.2 billion people still have either limited or no access to the internet, largely because they live in remote places. But that number could drop this year, thanks to tests of stratospheric airships, uncrewed aircraft, and other high-altitude platforms for internet delivery. Although Google shuttered its high-profile internet balloon project Loon in 2021, work on other kinds of high-altitude platform stations has continued behind the scenes. Now, several companies claim they have solved Loon's problems--and are getting ready to prove the tech's internet beaming potential starting this year.

If I were to locate the moment AI slop broke through into popular consciousness, I'd pick the video of rabbits bouncing on a trampoline that went viral last summer. For many savvy internet users, myself included, it was the first time we were fooled by an AI video, and it ended up spawning a wave of almost identical generated clips. My first reaction was that, broadly speaking, all of this sucked. That's become a familiar refrain, in think pieces and at dinner parties. Everything online is slop now--the internet "enshittified," with AI taking much of the blame. But then friends started sharing AI clips in group chats that were compellingly weird, or funny.

Plus: the FDA's newly-appointed head drug regulator is out AI has already transformed how code is written, but a new wave of autonomous systems promise to make the process even smoother and less prone to making mistakes. Amazon Web Services has just revealed three new "frontier" AI agents, its term for a more sophisticated class of autonomous agents capable of working for days at a time without human intervention. One of them, called Kiro, is designed to work independently without the need for a human to constantly point it in the right direction. Another, AWS Security Agent, scans a project for common vulnerabilities: an interesting development given that many AI-enabled coding assistants can end up introducing errors. To learn more about the exciting direction AI-enhanced coding is heading in, check out our team's reporting: Are we ready for what could happen next? They remember previous sessions and continuously learn from a company's codebase.

Any far-reaching new technology is always uneven in its adoption, but few have been more uneven than generative AI. That makes it hard to assess its likely impact on individual businesses, let alone on productivity across the economy as a whole. At one extreme, AI coding assistants have revolutionized the work of software developers. At the other extreme, most companies are seeing little if any benefit from their initial investments. That has provided fuel for the skeptics who maintain that--by its very nature as a probabilistic technology prone to hallucinating--generative AI will never have a deep impact on business. To students of tech history, though, the lack of immediate impact is normal.

There's a lot at stake when it comes to understanding how AI is changing the economy right now. Or is the situation too nuanced for that? Hopefully, we can point you towards some answers. Mat Honan, our editor in chief, will hold a special subscriber-only Roundtables conversation with our editor at large David Rotman, and Richard Waters, columnist, exploring what's happening across different markets. Register here to join us at 1pm ET on Tuesday December 9. The event is part of the and "The State of AI" partnership, exploring the global impact of artificial intelligence.

Plus: Google's new image generator has extremely loose guardrails We're learning more about what vitamin D does to our bodies At a checkup a few years ago, a doctor told me I was deficient in vitamin D. But he wouldn't write me a prescription for supplements, simply because, as he put it, everyone in the UK is deficient. Putting the entire population on vitamin D supplements would be too expensive for the country's national health service, he told me. But supplementation--whether covered by a health-care provider or not--can be important. As those of us living in the Northern Hemisphere spend fewer of our waking hours in sunlight, let's consider the importance of vitamin D. Read the full story . This article first appeared in The Checkup, MIT Technology Review's weekly biotech newsletter. Here's why we don't have a cold vaccine.