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From RAG to Agentic: Validating Islamic-Medicine Responses with LLM Agents

Sayeed, Mohammad Amaan, Alam, Mohammed Talha, Imam, Raza, Sohail, Shahab Saquib, Hussain, Amir

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Centuries-old Islamic medical texts like Avicenna's Canon of Medicine and the Prophetic Tibb-e-Nabawi encode a wealth of preventive care, nutrition, and holistic therapies, yet remain inaccessible to many and underutilized in modern AI systems. Existing language-model benchmarks focus narrowly on factual recall or user preference, leaving a gap in validating culturally grounded medical guidance at scale. We propose a unified evaluation pipeline, Tibbe-AG, that aligns 30 carefully curated Prophetic-medicine questions with human-verified remedies and compares three LLMs (LLaMA-3, Mistral-7B, Qwen2-7B) under three configurations: direct generation, retrieval-augmented generation, and a scientific self-critique filter. Each answer is then assessed by a secondary LLM serving as an agentic judge, yielding a single 3C3H quality score. Retrieval improves factual accuracy by 13%, while the agentic prompt adds another 10% improvement through deeper mechanistic insight and safety considerations. Our results demonstrate that blending classical Islamic texts with retrieval and self-evaluation enables reliable, culturally sensitive medical question-answering.


Avicenna gets clearances for Cina Chest AI software

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The French artificial intelligence (AI) software developer Avicenna.AI has received clearance in the U.S. and the European Union for its Cina Chest AI software. Cina Chest, which includes tools for the detection and emergency triage of pulmonary embolism and aortic dissection from CT scans, has received the CE Mark in Europe and 510(k) clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Cina Chest is part of Avicenna's Cina family of AI tools, which also includes the company's Cina Head software, which also has FDA clearance and the CE Mark. "Our pulmonary embolism and aortic dissection triage tools are the third and fourth algorithms we've released in less than 12 months, demonstrating our ambition to create AI applications that support detection and triage of emergencies throughout the entire body," said Cyril Di Grandi, co-founder and CEO of Avicenna.AI. The company was founded in 2018 and is based in La Ciotat, France.


FDA clears CINA Head neurovascular imaging artificial intelligence tool

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Medical imaging artificial intelligence (AI) specialist Avicenna.AI has announced it has received 510(k) clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for its CINA Head triage AI solution for neurovascular emergencies. The FDA's decision covers CINA's automatic detection capabilities for both intracranial haemorrhage and large vessel occlusion (LVO) from CT-scan imaging. Stroke is a leading cause of death in the USA, with more than 795,000 strokes resulting in more than 100,000 deaths each year. It is estimated that up to a third of the most common type of stroke are caused by LVO, when a clot blocks the circulation of the blood in the brain. Around one in 10 strokes are thought to be caused by intracranial haemorrhage.


IBM's Automated Radiologist Can Read Images and Medical Records

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Most smart software in use today specializes on one type of data, be that interpreting text or guessing at the content of photos. Software in development at IBM has to do all those at once. It's in training to become a radiologist's assistant. The software is code-named Avicenna, after an 11th century philosopher who wrote an influential medical encyclopedia. It can identify anatomical features and abnormalities in medical images such as CT scans, and also draws on text and other data in a patient's medical record to suggest possible diagnoses and treatments.