We speak of a \textit{computational law} when that law is intended to be enforced by software through an automated decision-making process. As digital technologies evolve to offer more solutions for public administrations, we see an ever-increasing number of computational laws. Traditionally, law is written in natural language. Computational laws, however, suffer various complications when written in natural language, such as underspecification and ambiguity which lead to a diversity of possible interpretations to be made by the coder. These could potentially result into an uneven application of the law. Thus, resorting to formal languages to write computational laws is tempting. However, writing laws in a formal language leads to further complications, for example, incomprehensibility for non-experts, lack of explicit motivation of the decisions made, or difficulties in retrieving the data leading to the outcome. In this paper, we investigate how certain legal principles fare in both scenarios: computational law written in natural language or written in formal language. We use a running example from the European Union's road transport regulation to showcase the tensions arising, and the benefits from each language.

Compliance with the GDPR privacy regulation places a significant burden on organisations regarding the handling of personal data. The perceived efforts and risks of complying with the GDPR further increase when data processing activities span across organisational boundaries, as is the case in both small-scale data sharing settings and in large-scale international data spaces. This paper addresses these concerns by proposing a case-generic method for automated normative reasoning that establishes legal arguments for the lawfulness of data processing activities. The arguments are established on the basis of case-specific legal qualifications made by privacy experts, bringing the human in the loop. The obtained expert system promotes transparency and accountability, remains adaptable to extended or altered interpretations of the GDPR, and integrates into novel or existing distributed data processing systems. This result is achieved by defining a formal ontology and semantics for automated normative reasoning based on an analysis of the purpose-limitation principle of the GDPR. The ontology and semantics are implemented in eFLINT, a domain-specific language for specifying and reasoning with norms. The XACML architecture standard, applicable to both access and usage control, is extended, demonstrating how GDPR-based normative reasoning can integrate into (existing, distributed) systems for data processing. The resulting system is designed and critically assessed in reference to requirements extracted from the GPDR.

Fox News correspondent Grady Trimble has the latest on fears the technology will spiral out of control on'Special Report.' As artificial intelligence upends many industries, museums are figuring out creative ways to integrate the technology into their organizations. Douglass McDonald, the former CEO of Alamo Trust, founder of NGOGro, and former president and CEO of the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, has spent more than 40 years leading museums. While many industries are anxious about AI's impact, McDonald said he is optimistic about its potential to enrich the field – despite lingering unknowns. FILE: People roam around the entrance on reopening day at The Metropolitan Museum of Art (The Met), Aug. 29, 2020, in New York City.

Art is standing on the Precipice of Revolution never before seen in human history. From cave painting to the creation of paints from natural material, to Illuminated Manuscripts, to the Gutenberg Printing Press, to Renaissance painters and sculptors, to synthetic paints, to photography, videography, and spherography, to music composition, to digital representation and storage, all guided by the creativity of the human mind. We are accelerating into the Age of Artificial (General) Intelligence Artists. Optionally combined with advances in robotics, AI Artists will discover and use new creative insights. They will optionally place bush to canvas, or chisel to marble, or digit to piano key, or become a photographer, videographer, or spherographer, and compete with -- and eventually eclipse-- human artists.

Originally published on Towards AI. Image by Author: Generated with Midjourney prompt "The Stance Standoff, 2023 -- A captivating and intense photograph capturing the critical moment before two mixed martial artists, reminiscent of Israel Adesanya and Alex Pereira, engage in combat. Set against the backdrop of a roaring stadium audience, the shot highlights the fighters as they adopt their stances -- both poised in powerful kickboxing stances, showcasing their unique styles within the same discipline. Immortalized through Ryan Loco's signature sports photography style, the image brings to life the raw emotion and captivating energy that defines the distinct fusion of techniques in mixed martial arts." Join over 80,000 subscribers and keep up to date with the latest developments in AI.