Deep learning has emerged as a leading approach for Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC), demonstrating superior performance over traditional methods. However, vulnerability to adversarial attacks and susceptibility to data distribution shifts hinder their practical deployment in real-world, dynamic environments. To address these threats, we propose a novel, unified framework that integrates meta-learning with domain adaptation, making AMC systems resistant to both adversarial attacks and environmental changes. Our framework utilizes a two-phase strategy. First, in an offline phase, we employ a meta-learning approach to train the model on clean and adversarially perturbed samples from a single source domain. This method enables the model to generalize its defense, making it resistant to a combination of previously unseen attacks. Subsequently, in the online phase, we apply domain adaptation to align the model's features with a new target domain, allowing it to adapt without requiring substantial labeled data. As a result, our framework achieves a significant improvement in modulation classification accuracy against these combined threats, offering a critical solution to the deployment and operational challenges of modern AMC systems.

-- Efficient spectrum utilization is critical to meeting the growing data demands of modern wireless communication networks. Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) plays a key role in enhancing spectrum efficiency by accurately identifying modulation schem es in received signals -- an essential capability for dynamic spectrum allocation and interference mitigation, particularly in cognitive radio (CR) systems. With the increasing deployment of smart edge devices, such as IoT nodes with limited computational and memory resources, there is a pressing need for lightweight AMC models that balance low complexity with high classification accuracy . This paper proposes a low - complexity, lightweight deep learning (DL) AMC model optimized for resource - constrained edge devices. We introduce a dual - path deep residual shrinkage network (DP - DRSN) with Garrote thresholding for effective signal denoising and design a compact hybrid CNN - LSTM architecture comprising only 27,000 training parameters. The proposed model achieves average classification accuracies of 61.20%, 63.78%, and 62.13% on the RML2016.10a, These results underscore the model's potential for enabling accurate and efficient AMC on - edge devices with limited resources . Spectrum is a limited and valuable physical resource, and its efficient utilization is essential to support the growing data demands of wireless communication networks. In the dynamic landscape of modern communication systems, maximizing radio spectrum efficiency is paramount. Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is a key technology that significantly contributes to this goal.

DL-based automatic modulation classification (AMC) models are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks, where even minimal input perturbations can cause severe misclassifications. While adversarially training an AMC model based on an adversarial attack significantly increases its robustness against that attack, the AMC model will still be defenseless against other adversarial attacks. The theoretically infinite possibilities for adversarial perturbations mean that an AMC model will inevitably encounter new unseen adversarial attacks if it is ever to be deployed to a real-world communication system. Moreover, the computational limitations and challenges of obtaining new data in real-time will not allow a full training process for the AMC model to adapt to the new attack when it is online. To this end, we propose a meta-learning-based adversarial training framework for AMC models that substantially enhances robustness against unseen adversarial attacks and enables fast adaptation to these attacks using just a few new training samples, if any are available. Our results demonstrate that this training framework provides superior robustness and accuracy with much less online training time than conventional adversarial training of AMC models, making it highly efficient for real-world deployment.

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) serves a vital role in ensuring efficient and reliable communication services within distributed wireless networks. Recent developments have seen a surge in interest in deep neural network (DNN)-based AMC models, with Federated Learning (FL) emerging as a promising framework. Despite these advancements, the presence of various noises within the signal exerts significant challenges while optimizing models to capture salient features. Furthermore, existing FL-based AMC models commonly rely on linear aggregation strategies, which face notable difficulties in integrating locally fine-tuned parameters within practical non-IID (Independent and Identically Distributed) environments, thereby hindering optimal learning convergence. To address these challenges, we propose FedVaccine, a novel FL model aimed at improving generalizability across signals with varying noise levels by deliberately introducing a balanced level of noise. This is accomplished through our proposed harmonic noise resilience approach, which identifies an optimal noise tolerance for DNN models, thereby regulating the training process and mitigating overfitting. Additionally, FedVaccine overcomes the limitations of existing FL-based AMC models' linear aggregation by employing a split-learning strategy using structural clustering topology and local queue data structure, enabling adaptive and cumulative updates to local models. Our experimental results, including IID and non-IID datasets as well as ablation studies, confirm FedVaccine's robust performance and superiority over existing FL-based AMC approaches across different noise levels. These findings highlight FedVaccine's potential to enhance the reliability and performance of AMC systems in practical wireless network environments.