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The Deployment of End-to-End Audio Language Models Should Take into Account the Principle of Least Privilege

He, Luxi, Qi, Xiangyu, Liao, Michel, Cheong, Inyoung, Mittal, Prateek, Chen, Danqi, Henderson, Peter

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

We are at a turning point for language models that accept audio input. The latest end-to-end audio language models (Audio LMs) process speech directly instead of relying on a separate transcription step. This shift preserves detailed information, such as intonation or the presence of multiple speakers, that would otherwise be lost in transcription. However, it also introduces new safety risks, including the potential misuse of speaker identity cues and other sensitive vocal attributes, which could have legal implications. In this position paper, we urge a closer examination of how these models are built and deployed. We argue that the principle of least privilege should guide decisions on whether to deploy cascaded or end-to-end models. Specifically, evaluations should assess (1) whether end-to-end modeling is necessary for a given application; and (2), the appropriate scope of information access. Finally, We highlight related gaps in current audio LM benchmarks and identify key open research questions, both technical and policy-related, that must be addressed to enable the responsible deployment of end-to-end Audio LMs.


Incongruence Identification in Eyewitness Testimony

Nair, Akshara, Afroz, Zeba, Akhtar, Md Shad

arXiv.org Artificial Intelligence

Incongruence detection in eyewitness narratives is critical for understanding the reliability of testimonies, yet traditional approaches often fail to address the nuanced inconsistencies inherent in such accounts. In this paper, we introduce a novel task of incongruence detection in eyewitness testimonies. Given a pair of testimonies containing of multiple pairs of question and answer by two subjects, we identify contextually related incongruence between the two subjects. We also mark the span of incongruences in the utterances. To achieve this, we developed MIND(MultI-EyewitNess Deception) - a comprehensive dataset consisting of 2927 pairs of contextually related answers designed to capture both explicit and implicit contradictions. INstruction - TunEd iNcongruity Detection framework based on 6W and multi-hop reasoning approach, aka. INTEND. Drawing from investigative techniques, INTEND address the task as a close-style problem, contradicting on the who, what, when, where and why aspect of the content. Our findings shows that prompt tuning, especially when utilizing our framework, enhances the detection of incongruences by a margin of +5.63 percent. We compare our approach with multiple fine-tuning and prompt tuning techniques on MLMs and LLMs. Emperical results demonstrate convincing performance improvement in F1-score over fine-tuned and regular prompt-tuning techniques, highlighting the effectiveness of our approach.


Cybersecurity Will Account for Nearly One-Quarter of AI Software Market Through 2025

#artificialintelligence

By 2025, the artificial intelligence (AI) software market will expand from 2021's $33 billion to $64 billion, according to a new report. And cybersecurity is the fastest-growing category of AI spend, experiencing a rise in spending of 22.3% compound annual growth rate (CAGR). "Cybersecurity is the fastest AI software growth category, with a focus on the real-time monitoring of and response to attacks," the report states. The next two categories, customer and human capital management (22%) and process optimization, knowledge, and data intelligence (18.3%), also have cybersecurity elements, so the impact on security tool makers could be even more significant. This comports with the emphasis companies have placed on their AI-enhanced software and services.


Data Scientist - Remote Tech Jobs

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FORTA’S MISSION: As the rate of diagnosed autism cases increases, the ability to provide care has stagnated. Currently, autism support via Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is difficult to access, thus leading to long wait lists. Forta is clearing the path to quality healthcare by delivering routes to the best…


How to Text on Tinder - Communication Tips For The Newbie

#artificialintelligence

Are you wondering how to text on tinder? If you're interested in the latest and hottest method for meeting women, then you'll want to keep reading. The rise of this dating app has been amazing. It's so much easier now, since there are so many more options. That said, learning how to text on tinder is critical if you want to make a good impression with women.


Why is My Search Engine Yahoo?

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Why is my search engine Yahoo? It's a common question among webmasters, especially those who are just starting out in their internet endeavors. The reason is fairly simple: Yahoo is a very dominant search engine when it comes to searches. A lot of webmasters have grown dependent on the Search Marketing Working Group or SEM for backlinks and ranking. Therefore, if you want to make your page visible in Yahoo's result pages, it is important that you know how to increase your search engine positioning.


Huge Cloud Market Still Growing at 34% Per Year; Amazon, Microsoft & Google Now Account for 65% of the Total

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New data from Synergy Research Group shows that Q1 enterprise spending on cloud infrastructure services was approaching $53 billion. That is up 34% from the first quarter of 2021, making it the eleventh time in twelve quarters that the year-on-year growth rate has been in the 34-40% range. As the vibrant cloud market continues to grow rapidly, Amazon continues to lead with its worldwide market share remaining at 33%. For the third consecutive quarter its annual growth came in above the growth of the overall market. Meanwhile Microsoft continues to gain almost two percentage points of market share per year while Google's annual market share gain is approaching one percentage point.


U.S. and Pakistan Give Conflicting Accounts of Drone Strike

NYT > Asia Pacific

One day after an American drone strike killed a leader of the militant Haqqani network in northwestern Pakistan, United States officials on Thursday rejected a claim by Pakistan that the strike had targeted an Afghan refugee camp. There were also conflicting accounts of the location of the drone strike and the number of people killed. A statement by Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Wednesday condemned the strike and maintained that it had "targeted an Afghan refugee camp in Kurram Agency" -- an assertion that the United States rejected on Thursday. "The claim in an M.F.A. statement yesterday that U.S. forces struck an Afghan refugee camp in Kurram Agency yesterday is false," said Richard W. Snelsire, the United States Embassy spokesman in Islamabad, Pakistan's capital. American officials said that there were no Afghan refugee camps in Kurram, a remote tribal region straddling the border with Afghanistan, where they said Wednesday's drone strike had taken place.


How Will AI Change Work? Here Are 5 Schools of Thought

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The future of the workforce is one of the biggest issues facing CEOs today. It's abundantly clear to all that artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and advanced robotics make it possible for machines to take on tasks that once required a person to do them. How should companies prepare, strategically, to thrive in this world? Views on what to expect vary dramatically. By some accounts, almost half of all jobs in the U.S. economy could be made obsolete.


Machine Learning Can Help B2B Firms Learn More About Their Customers

#artificialintelligence

Much of the strategic focus in the digital economy thus far has revolved around getting better insights into consumers. B2C firms have been the leaders in customer analytics initiatives. E-commerce, mobile commerce, and social media platforms have enabled businesses to better sculpt marketing and customer support initiatives and customer services. Extensive data and advanced analytics for B2C have enabled strategists to better understand consumer behavior and corresponding propensities as visitors and purchasers conduct daily activities through online systems. But there is also an emerging capability to gain insights on business customers.