These are some the most elite academic journals in the world. And last year, one tech company, Alphabet's Google, published papers in all of them. The unprecedented run of scientific results by the Mountain View search giant touched on everything from ophthalmology to computer games to neuroscience and climate models. For Google, 2016 was an annus mirabilis during which its researchers cracked the top journals and set records for sheer volume. Behind the surge is Google's growing investment in artificial intelligence, particularly "deep learning," a technique whose ability to make sense of images and other data is enhancing services like search and translation (see "10 Breakthrough Technologies 2013: Deep Learning").

These are some the most elite academic journals in the world. And last year, one tech company, Alphabet's Google, published papers in all of them. The unprecedented run of scientific results by the Mountain View search giant touched on everything from ophthalmology to computer games to neuroscience and climate models. For Google, 2016 was an annus mirabilis during which its researchers cracked the top journals and set records for sheer volume. Behind the surge is Google's growing investment in artificial intelligence, particularly "deep learning," a technique whose ability to make sense of images and other data is enhancing services like search and translation (see "10 Breakthrough Technologies 2013: Deep Learning").

And last year, one tech company, Alphabet's Google, published papers in all of them. According to the tally Google provided to MIT Technology Review, it published 218 journal or conference papers on machine learning in 2016, nearly twice as many as it did two years ago. "The top people care about advancing the world, and that means writing papers the world can use, and writing code the world can use." So when Apple hired computer scientist Russ Salakhutdinov from Carnegie Mellon last year as its new head of AI, he was immediately allowed to break Apple's code of secrecy by blogging and giving talks.

And last year, one tech company, Alphabet's Google, published papers in all of them. According to the tally Google provided to MIT Technology Review, it published 218 journal or conference papers on machine learning in 2016, nearly twice as many as it did two years ago. "The top people care about advancing the world, and that means writing papers the world can use, and write code the world can use." So when Apple hired computer scientist Russ Salakhutdinov from Carnegie Mellon last year as its new head of AI, he was immediately allowed to break Apple's code of secrecy by blogging and giving talks.

And last year, one tech company, Alphabet's Google, published papers in all of them. According to the tally Google provided to MIT Technology Review, it published 218 journal or conference papers on machine learning in 2016, nearly twice as many as it did two years ago. "The top people care about advancing the world, and that means writing papers the world can use, and write code the world can use." So when Apple hired computer scientist Russ Salakhutdinov from Carnegie Mellon last year as its new head of AI, he was immediately allowed to break Apple's code of secrecy by blogging and giving talks.

Salakhutdinov researches very large neural networks used in a technology called deep learning, which lets a computer learn to perform a difficult task by consuming copious training examples. Speaking recently, Salakhutdinov said that there are three big areas where AI is progressing: giving computers better language understanding; enabling them to learn through repetition and positive reinforcement; and developing ways for machines to learn from unlabeled data. In recent years, competitors such as Google and Facebook have hired leading figures in deep learning to lead their AI efforts. Deep learning has gained prominence in recent years, after proving spectacularly good at enabling machines to recognize objects in images and spoken words in audio.

Salakhutdinov researches very large neural networks used in a technology called deep learning, which lets a computer learn to perform a difficult task by consuming copious training examples. Speaking recently, Salakhutdinov said that there are three big areas where AI is progressing: giving computers better language understanding; enabling them to learn through repetition and positive reinforcement; and developing ways for machines to learn from unlabeled data. In recent years, competitors such as Google and Facebook have hired leading figures in deep learning to lead their AI efforts. Deep learning has gained prominence in recent years, after proving spectacularly good at enabling machines to recognize objects in images and spoken words in audio.