Programmer Harrison'Sentdex' Kinsley created the AI (or "convolutional neural network"), named it Charles, and set it loose in the game to teach itself through deep learning. As Kinsley describes in the Twitch description, Charles "learns and takes all actions based on single frames at a time, and bases his decisions on just pixel data. What the AI can't do yet is remember: Kinsley didn't program in memory, forcing it to make split-second decisions one frame at a time, like so. Whether this AI becomes a better driver and validates educating neural networks through simulation, at least we can chuckle that even machines have trouble driving these games.