On the Geometry of Receiver Operating Characteristic and Precision-Recall Curves

arXiv.org Machine Learning

We study the geometry of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Precision-Recall (PR) curves in binary classification problems. The key finding is that many of the most commonly used binary classification metrics are merely functions of the composition function $G := F_p \circ F_n^{-1}$, where $F_p(\cdot)$ and $F_n(\cdot)$ are the class-conditional cumulative distribution functions of the classifier scores in the positive and negative classes, respectively. This geometric perspective facilitates the selection of operating points, understanding the effect of decision thresholds, and comparison between classifiers. It also helps explain how the shapes and geometry of ROC/PR curves reflect classifier behavior, providing objective tools for building classifiers optimized for specific applications with context-specific constraints. We further explore the conditions for classifier dominance, present analytical and numerical examples demonstrating the effects of class separability and variance on ROC and PR geometries, and derive a link between the positive-to-negative class leakage function $G(\cdot)$ and the Kullback--Leibler divergence. The framework highlights practical considerations, such as model calibration, cost-sensitive optimization, and operating point selection under real-world capacity constraints, enabling more informed approaches to classifier deployment and decision-making.


UK needs to relax AI laws or risk transatlantic ties, thinktank warns

The Guardian

To enforce a strict licensing model, the UK would also need to restrict access to models that have been trained on such content, which could include US-owned AI systems. With the Trump administration signalling it will not pursue strict AI regulations and China pursuing AI growth at "breakneck speed", the UK could weaken its economic and national security interests by lagging in the AI race, said TBI. "If the UK imposes laws that are too strict, it risks falling behind in the AI-driven economy and weakening its capacity to protect national security interests," said TBI. The report said arguing that commercial AI models cannot be trained on content from the open web was close to saying knowledge workers โ€“ a broad category of professionals ranging from lawyers to researchers โ€“ cannot profit from insights they get when reading the same content. Rather than fighting to uphold outdated regulations, said TBI, rights holders and policymakers should help build a future where creativity is valued alongside AI innovation. Fernando Garibay, a record producer who has worked with artists including Lady Gaga and U2, said history has been dotted with "end-of-time claims" related to technological breakthroughs, from the printing press to music streaming.


Ghibli effect: ChatGPT usage hits record after rollout of viral feature

The Japan Times

The frenzy to create Ghibli-style AI art using ChatGPT's image-generation tool led to a record surge in users for OpenAI's chatbot last week, straining its servers and temporarily limiting the feature's usage. The viral trend saw users from across the globe flood social media with images based on the hand-drawn style of the famed Japanese animation outfit, Studio Ghibli, founded by renowned director Hayao Miyazaki and known for movies such as "Spirited Away" and "My Neighbor Totoro." Average weekly active users breached the 150 million mark for the first time this year, according to data from market research firm Similarweb.


Intel's new CEO vows to run chipmaker 'as a startup, on day one'

ZDNet

On Monday, chip giant Intel's new CEO, Lip-Bu Tan -- who took over from outgoing CEO Pat Gelsinger only 15 days earlier -- laid out in broad terms his strategy to return the company to greatness. Speaking at Intel Vision, the company's annual event for customers and partners in Las Vegas, Tan emphasized changing Intel's culture, promising to run the company "as a startup, on day one." Tan said the culture needs changing because Intel has lost much of its engineering focus over the years. "Intel has lost some of this talent over the years," he said. "I want to re-group the talent and attract some of the new talent. Also: Intel touts new Xeon chip's AI power in bid to fend off AMD, ARM advances Recalling his affection for basketball and California's Golden State Warriors, Tan remarked, "I love the game, how they pass the ball to the teammate to receive it -- this is the kind of team I would like to build." All of the culture remake, he said, is necessary to "Pull together strong teams to correct the past mistakes and start to earn your trust." Tan put Intel's problems front and center. Without enumerating the mistakes in detail, it's well-known to investors and to the industry at large that Intel has lost an enormous amount of market share to AMD over the years and has ceded the artificial intelligence battle to Nvidia. "It has been a tough period for quite a long time for Intel," observed Tan. "It was very hard for me to watch its struggle; I simply cannot stay on the sideline knowing that I could help turn things around." Addressing the customers in the room, Tan remarked, "You deserve better, and we need to improve -- and we will." He asked the audience to "please be brutally honest with us.


Intel: 'Panther Lake' will be our hybrid hero for the PC

PCWorld

Intel executives pledged Tuesday that its upcoming Panther Lake chip will combine the best aspects of its earlier processors, Lunar Lake and Arrow Lake. Intel executives spoke in Las Vegas on the second day of its Intel Vision conference, which engages Intel's partners and customers. Intel's new chief executive Lip-Bu Tan outlined his plans for Intel's new direction on Monday, asking for brutal honesty while pledging to return Intel to greatness. We already knew that Panther Lake would be a critical product for Intel this year. Not only is the chip the next iteration of Intel's PC client roadmap, but it's the first chip on Intel's next-generation 18A manufacturing process.


The Arlo Video Doorbell is still 54% off after the Amazon Big Spring Sale

Mashable

SAVE 70: The Arlo Video Doorbell is on sale at Amazon for just 59.99, down from the list price of 129.99. That's a 54% discount that matches the lowest price we've ever seen at Amazon. The Amazon Big Spring Sale is officially over, but Amazon has an olive branch for those of us wo didn't get around to shopping the sale. If you have plans to ramp up home security, check out this still-live Amazon Spring Sale deal. As of April 1, the Arlo Video Doorbell is still just 59.99, marked down from the normal price of 129.99.


4 wild ways ChatGPT image generation is being used now that its free

Mashable

ChatGPT's image generation tool rolled out to free users this week -- which means pretty much everyone can now use OpenAI's tool to create images. There are, obviously, endless things you can do with the tool. It all comes down to the prompts you feed into ChatGPT. The new image generator, part of ChatGPT's 4o model, is apparently quite impressive. Folks have been playing around with ways to use the image generator, but here are four wild use cases we've seen thus far. This one, well, doesn't seem great.


Intel's new CEO vows to run chipmaker like a 'day one startup'

ZDNet

On Monday, chip giant Intel's new CEO, Lip-Bu Tan -- who took over from outgoing CEO Pat Gelsinger only 15 days earlier -- laid out in broad terms his strategy to return the company to greatness. Speaking at Intel Vision, the company's annual event for customers and partners in Las Vegas, Tan emphasized changing Intel's culture, promising to run the company "as a startup, on day one." Tan said the culture needs changing because Intel has lost much of its engineering focus over the years. "Intel has lost some of this talent over the years," he said. "I want to re-group the talent and attract some of the new talent. Also: Intel touts new Xeon chip's AI power in bid to fend off AMD, ARM advances Recalling his affection for basketball and California's Golden State Warriors, Tan remarked, "I love the game, how they pass the ball to the teammate to receive it -- this is the kind of team I would like to build." All of the culture remake, he said, is necessary to "Pull together strong teams to correct the past mistakes and start to earn your trust." Tan put Intel's problems front and center. Without enumerating the mistakes in detail, it's well-known to investors and to the industry at large that Intel has lost an enormous amount of market share to AMD over the years and has ceded the artificial intelligence battle to Nvidia. "It has been a tough period for quite a long time for Intel," observed Tan. "It was very hard for me to watch its struggle; I simply cannot stay on the sideline knowing that I could help turn things around." Addressing the customers in the room, Tan remarked, "You deserve better, and we need to improve -- and we will." He asked the audience to "please be brutally honest with us.


Humanoid robots are stepping onto film sets, and Atlas is leading the way

Mashable

In a collaboration with WPP, Canon, and NVIDIA, Boston Dynamics' Atlas has been tested as a robotic camera operator, demonstrating how humanoid robots could assist in filmmaking.


Don't bother with Copilot on your Mac unless you say yes to both of these questions

ZDNet

MacOS does not lack AI apps and services. My go-to when using my MacBook Pro is a one-two combination of Ollama and Msty because the LLM is locally installed, so I do not have to worry that my queries are being used by a third party for any reason. So, when I discovered that Microsoft had released a MacOS client for Copilot, I was hesitant to install it, but curiosity got the best of me, and I had to try it. I was confident Copilot would not be able to pull me from Ollama, but there is no harm in trying, right? I have used Copilot here and there, but not enough to draw any real conclusions.