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Technology
Improving Human Decision Making through Case-Based Decision Aiding
It is consistent with much that psychologists have observed in the natural problem solving people do. Psychologists have also observed, however, that people have several problems in doing analogical or case-based reasoning. I present case-based decision aiding as a methodology for building systems in which people and machines work together to solve problems. The case-based decision-aiding system augments the person's memory by providing cases (analogs) for a person to use in solving a problem.
From Society to Landscape: Alternative Metaphors for Artificial Intelligence
West, David M., Travis, Larry E.
This article picks up the call for a reflective examination of the prevailing computational metaphor of AI (and philosophical presuppositions behind it) by sketching alternatives that might serve as seeds for discussion-specifically, the seven alternatives introduced in our previous article (see "AI Magazine, spring 1991). The relative strengths and weaknesses of the alternatives are contrasted with those of the computational metaphor.
The Knowledge-Based Computer System Development Program of India: A Review
Each node has between Joshi), and computational vision (S. Papers were presented by The Department of Electronics, Government under contract with Indian companies. Seven major research and KBCS applications, including expert logic programming (which teaching centers and a number of systems for government administration, seems to be well developed in India), associated institutions are involved expert systems for engineering and reasoning. The level of most presentations are the Center for the Development vision system applications, and was good and of an international of Advanced Computing (Pune), the KBCS applications in and for ancient flavor. The audience was Department of Electronics (New Indian sciences; and language-processing unusually active, initiating discussions Delhi), The Indian Institute of Science technologies, including natural and friendly controversies.
Improving Human Decision Making through Case-Based Decision Aiding
Case-based reasoning provides both a methodology for building systems and a cognitive model of people. It is consistent with much that psychologists have observed in the natural problem solving people do. Psychologists have also observed, however, that people have several problems in doing analogical or case-based reasoning. Although they are good at using analogs to solve new problems, they are not always good at remembering the right ones. However, computers are good at remembering. I present case-based decision aiding as a methodology for building systems in which people and machines work together to solve problems. The case-based decision-aiding system augments the person's memory by providing cases (analogs) for a person to use in solving a problem. The person does the actual decision making using these cases as guidelines. I present an overview of case-based decision aiding, some technical details about how to implement such systems, and several examples of case-based systems.
Logical Versus Analogical or Symbolic Versus Connectionist or Neat Versus Scruffy
Engineering and scientific education condition us to expect everything, including intelligence, to have a simple, compact explanation. Accordingly, when people new to AI ask "What's AI all about," they seem to expect an answer that defines AI in terms of a few basic mathematical laws. Today, some researchers who seek a simple, compact explanation hope that systems modeled on neural nets or some other connectionist idea will quickly overtake more traditional systems based on symbol manipulation. Others believe that symbol manipulation, with a history that goes back millennia, remains the only viable approach. Marvin Minsky subscribes to neither of these extremist views. Instead, he argues that AI must use many approaches. AI is not like circuit theory and electromagnetism. There is nothing wonderfully unifying like Kirchhoff's laws are to circuit theory or Maxwell's equations are to electromagnetism. Instead of looking for a "right way," the time has come to build systems out of diverse components, some connectionist and some symbolic, each with its own diverse justification." - Patrick Winston