Although the group at System Development Corp. (Paoli, Pennsylvania), techniques being studied should be widely applicable, we are with each group responsible for certain aspects of system specifically developing a system to understand paragraphlength design. Our groups are jointly responsible for integration of messages about equipment failures, with the aim of the next-generation text-processing system as part of the Defense summarizing each failure and assessing its impact. Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Strategic Several laboratory prototypes have been constructed for Computing Program (Grishman and Hirschman 1986). We aim to improve on these earlier a small question-answering system that answers simple systems through a combination of two techniques: the use of English queries about a student transcript database This system detailed domain knowledge to verify and complete our linguistic is used for teaching and as a preliminary test bed for analyses and the use of "forgiving" algorithms that some of our linguistic analysis techniques. Participants: Ralph Grishman (faculty); Tomasz Ksiezyk, To guide the development of our system, we selected a Ngo Thank Nhan, Michael Moore, and John Sterling corpus of messages describing the failure of one particular piece of equipment, a starting air compressor.

A new computer language for manufacturing is being used to link complex systems of equipment whose components are supplied by multiple vendors. The Cell Management Language (CML) combines computational tools from rule-based data systems, object-oriented languages, and new tools that facilitate language processing. These language tools, combined with rule processing, make it convenient to build new interpreters for interfacing and understanding a range of computer and natural languages ; hence, CML is being used primarily to define other languages in an interpretive environment, that is, as a meta-interpreter. For example, in CML it is quite easy to build an interpreter for machine tool languages that can understand and generate new part programs. Once interpreters for different machine and human languages have been constructed, they can be linked together into a system of interpreters. These interpreters can be used to make intelligent decisions for systemwide action planning and diagnostic error recovery. CML is being used in the factory environment to make turbine blade performs and has proven to greatly simplify the task of building complex control systems.

This report describes recent and continuing research in artificial intelligence and related fields being conducted at the University of Pennsylvania. Although AI research takes place primarily in the Department of Computer and Information Science ( in School of Engineering and Applied Science), many aspects of this research are preformed in collaboration with other engineering departments as well as other schools at the University, such as the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and Wharton School.

The Portrait Programs Project grew out of hyperinterdisciplinarianism of the famed Gigabase Sculpture Group, in turn stimulated by recent cutbacks in government support for the arts. The National Endowment for the Humanities and the National Science Foundation had jointly funded the Gigabase Sculpture Project to foster the literary/musical genre of composing genetic codes for novel organisms. Later, artists trained in recombinant DNA technology designed massive Brancusi-esque statues of living cytoplasmic jelly. However, Art For Art's Sake objectives of these giblet sculptors were compromised by precautions necessary after discovery of the "Gogol's-Theorem Bomb" that threatened to get loose and jam all DNA replication in the biosphere; not even viruses would have survived.

THE AI MAGAZINE Summer, 1986 55 building one of the first stored-program digital computers, AI also had its share of controversy, however, at Rand the JOHNNIAC (see Figure 1) (Gruenberger, 1968);l and elsewhere. Given its quick rise to popularity and its George Dantzig and his associates were inventing linear ambitious predictions (Simon & Newell, 1958), AI soon programming (Dantzig, 1963); Les Ford and Ray Fulkerson had its critics, and one of the most prominent, Hubert were developing techniques for network flow analysis Dreyfus, published his famous critique of AI (Dreyfus, (Ford & Fulkerson, 1962); Richard Bellman was developing 1965) while he was consulting at Rand. In addition, the his ideas on dynamic programming (Bellman, 1953); early promise of automatic machine translation of text Herman Kahn was advancing techniques for Monte Carlo from one language to another (the emphasis at Rand was simulation (Kahn, 1955); Lloyd Shapley was revolutionizing on translation from Russian to English) produced only game theory (Shapley, 1951-1960); Stephen Kleene was modest systems, and the goal of fully automated machine advancing our understanding of finite automata (Kleene, translation was abandoned in the early 1960s.

The interpretation of images of postal mail pieces is The Vision Group the domain of this investigation. Our efforts have included It is becoming increasingly important for vision researchers the development of various operators for visual data processing in diverse fields to interact, and the Vision Group at SUNY and image segmentation. The invocation of these Buffalo was formed to facilitate that interaction Current routines and the interpretation of the information they return membership includes 25 faculty and 25 students from 10 is determined by a control structure that uses a variant departments (computer science, electrical and computer of relaxation combined with a rule-based methodology.

The Advanced Computational Methods Center (ACMC) established at the University of Georgia in 1984, supports several research projects in artificial intelligence. The primary goal of AI research at ACMC is the design and installation of a logic-programming environment with advanced natural language processing and knowledge-acquisition capabilities on the university's highly parallel CYBERPLUS system from Control Data Corporation.

Twenty-five years ago I had a dream, a daydream, if you will. A dream shared with many of you. I dreamed of a special kind of computer, which had eyes and ears and arms and legs, in addition to its "brain." I did not dream that this new computer friend would be a means of making money for me or my employer or a help for my country - though I loved my country then and still do, and I have no objection to making money. I did not even dream of such a worthy cause as helping the poor and handicapped of the world using this marvelous new machine. No, my dream was filled with the wild excitement of seeing a machine act like a human being, at least in many ways.

John Haugeland's discussion is generally very clear, concrete, accurate, and interesting. My main regret is that he does not take the space to more fully explore certain ideas.

The Advanced Computational Methods Center (ACMC) established at the University of Georgia in 1984, supports several research projects in artificial intelligence. The primary goal of AI research at ACMC is the design and installation of a logic-programming environment with advanced natural language processing and knowledge-acquisition capabilities on the university's highly parallel CYBERPLUS system from Control Data Corporation. This article briefly describes current research projects in artificial intelligence at ACMC