We introduce HyperCLOVA X, a family of large language models (LLMs) tailored to the Korean language and culture, along with competitive capabilities in English, math, and coding. HyperCLOVA X was trained on a balanced mix of Korean, English, and code data, followed by instruction-tuning with high-quality human-annotated datasets while abiding by strict safety guidelines reflecting our commitment to responsible AI. The model is evaluated across various benchmarks, including comprehensive reasoning, knowledge, commonsense, factuality, coding, math, chatting, instruction-following, and harmlessness, in both Korean and English. HyperCLOVA X exhibits strong reasoning capabilities in Korean backed by a deep understanding of the language and cultural nuances. Further analysis of the inherent bilingual nature and its extension to multilingualism highlights the model's cross-lingual proficiency and strong generalization ability to untargeted languages, including machine translation between several language pairs and cross-lingual inference tasks. We believe that HyperCLOVA X can provide helpful guidance for regions or countries in developing their sovereign LLMs.

Despite the remarkable progress in the development of predictive models for healthcare, applying these algorithms on a large scale has been challenging. Algorithms trained on a particular task, based on specific data formats available in a set of medical records, tend to not generalize well to other tasks or databases in which the data fields may differ. To address this challenge, we propose General Healthcare Predictive Framework (GenHPF), which is applicable to any EHR with minimal preprocessing for multiple prediction tasks. GenHPF resolves heterogeneity in medical codes and schemas by converting EHRs into a hierarchical textual representation while incorporating as many features as possible. To evaluate the efficacy of GenHPF, we conduct multi-task learning experiments with single-source and multi-source settings, on three publicly available EHR datasets with different schemas for 12 clinically meaningful prediction tasks. Our framework significantly outperforms baseline models that utilize domain knowledge in multi-source learning, improving average AUROC by 1.2%P in pooled learning and 2.6%P in transfer learning while also showing comparable results when trained on a single EHR dataset. Furthermore, we demonstrate that self-supervised pretraining using multi-source datasets is effective when combined with GenHPF, resulting in a 0.6%P AUROC improvement compared to models without pretraining. By eliminating the need for preprocessing and feature engineering, we believe that this work offers a solid framework for multi-task and multi-source learning that can be leveraged to speed up the scaling and usage of predictive algorithms in healthcare.

Background: While deep learning technology, which has the capability of obtaining latent representations based on large-scale data, can be a potential solution for the discovery of a novel aging biomarker, existing deep learning methods for biological age estimation usually depend on chronological ages and lack of consideration of mortality and morbidity that are the most significant outcomes of aging. Methods: This paper proposes a novel deep learning model to learn latent representations of biological aging in regard to subjects' morbidity and mortality. The model utilizes health check-up data in addition to morbidity and mortality information to learn the complex relationships between aging and measured clinical attributes. Findings: The proposed model is evaluated on a large dataset of general populations compared with KDM and other learning-based models. Results demonstrate that biological ages obtained by the proposed model have superior discriminability of subjects' morbidity and mortality.

Connectivity between different brain regions is one of the most important properties for classification of brain signals including electroencephalography (EEG). However, how to define the connectivity structure for a given task is still an open problem, because there is no ground truth about how the connectivity structure should be in order to maximize the performance. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end neural network model for EEG classification, which can extract an appropriate multi-layer graph structure and signal features directly from a set of raw EEG signals and perform classification. Experimental results demonstrate that our method yields improved performance in comparison to the existing approaches where manually defined connectivity structures and signal features are used. Furthermore, we show that the graph structure extraction process is reliable in terms of consistency, and the learned graph structures make much sense in the neuroscientific viewpoint.