End-to-end vision-based imitation learning has demonstrated promising results in autonomous driving by learning control commands directly from expert demonstrations. However, traditional approaches rely on either regressionbased models, which provide precise control but lack confidence estimation, or classification-based models, which offer confidence scores but suffer from reduced precision due to discretization. This limitation makes it challenging to quantify the reliability of predicted actions and apply corrections when necessary. In this work, we introduce a dual-head neural network architecture that integrates both regression and classification heads to improve decision reliability in imitation learning. The regression head predicts continuous driving actions, while the classification head estimates confidence, enabling a correction mechanism that adjusts actions in low-confidence scenarios, enhancing driving stability. We evaluate our approach in a closed-loop setting within the CARLA simulator, demonstrating its ability to detect uncertain actions, estimate confidence, and apply real-time corrections. Experimental results show that our method reduces lane deviation and improves trajectory accuracy by up to 50%, outperforming conventional regression-only models. These findings highlight the potential of classification-guided confidence estimation in enhancing the robustness of vision-based imitation learning for autonomous driving. The source code is available at https://github.com/ElaheDlv/Confidence_Aware_IL.

Autonomous Vehicles (AV) and Advanced Driver Assistant Systems (ADAS) prioritize safety over comfort. The intertwining factors of safety and comfort emerge as pivotal elements in ensuring the effectiveness of Autonomous Driving (AD). Users often experience discomfort when AV or ADAS drive the vehicle on their behalf. Providing a personalized human-like AD experience, tailored to match users' unique driving styles while adhering to safety prerequisites, presents a significant opportunity to boost the acceptance of AVs. This paper proposes a novel approach, Neural Driving Style Transfer (NDST), inspired by Neural Style Transfer (NST), to address this issue. NDST integrates a Personalized Block (PB) into the conventional Baseline Driving Model (BDM), allowing for the transfer of a user's unique driving style while adhering to safety parameters. The PB serves as a self-configuring system, learning and adapting to an individual's driving behavior without requiring modifications to the BDM. This approach enables the personalization of AV models, aligning the driving style more closely with user preferences while ensuring baseline safety critical actuation. Two contrasting driving styles (Style A and Style B) were used to validate the proposed NDST methodology, demonstrating its efficacy in transferring personal driving styles to the AV system. Our work highlights the potential of NDST to enhance user comfort in AVs by providing a personalized and familiar driving experience. The findings affirm the feasibility of integrating NDST into existing AV frameworks to bridge the gap between safety and individualized driving styles, promoting wider acceptance and improved user experiences.