Button, Kevin
GPT-4o System Card
OpenAI, null, :, null, Hurst, Aaron, Lerer, Adam, Goucher, Adam P., Perelman, Adam, Ramesh, Aditya, Clark, Aidan, Ostrow, AJ, Welihinda, Akila, Hayes, Alan, Radford, Alec, Mądry, Aleksander, Baker-Whitcomb, Alex, Beutel, Alex, Borzunov, Alex, Carney, Alex, Chow, Alex, Kirillov, Alex, Nichol, Alex, Paino, Alex, Renzin, Alex, Passos, Alex Tachard, Kirillov, Alexander, Christakis, Alexi, Conneau, Alexis, Kamali, Ali, Jabri, Allan, Moyer, Allison, Tam, Allison, Crookes, Amadou, Tootoochian, Amin, Tootoonchian, Amin, Kumar, Ananya, Vallone, Andrea, Karpathy, Andrej, Braunstein, Andrew, Cann, Andrew, Codispoti, Andrew, Galu, Andrew, Kondrich, Andrew, Tulloch, Andrew, Mishchenko, Andrey, Baek, Angela, Jiang, Angela, Pelisse, Antoine, Woodford, Antonia, Gosalia, Anuj, Dhar, Arka, Pantuliano, Ashley, Nayak, Avi, Oliver, Avital, Zoph, Barret, Ghorbani, Behrooz, Leimberger, Ben, Rossen, Ben, Sokolowsky, Ben, Wang, Ben, Zweig, Benjamin, Hoover, Beth, Samic, Blake, McGrew, Bob, Spero, Bobby, Giertler, Bogo, Cheng, Bowen, Lightcap, Brad, Walkin, Brandon, Quinn, Brendan, Guarraci, Brian, Hsu, Brian, Kellogg, Bright, Eastman, Brydon, Lugaresi, Camillo, Wainwright, Carroll, Bassin, Cary, Hudson, Cary, Chu, Casey, Nelson, Chad, Li, Chak, Shern, Chan Jun, Conger, Channing, Barette, Charlotte, Voss, Chelsea, Ding, Chen, Lu, Cheng, Zhang, Chong, Beaumont, Chris, Hallacy, Chris, Koch, Chris, Gibson, Christian, Kim, Christina, Choi, Christine, McLeavey, Christine, Hesse, Christopher, Fischer, Claudia, Winter, Clemens, Czarnecki, Coley, Jarvis, Colin, Wei, Colin, Koumouzelis, Constantin, Sherburn, Dane, Kappler, Daniel, Levin, Daniel, Levy, Daniel, Carr, David, Farhi, David, Mely, David, Robinson, David, Sasaki, David, Jin, Denny, Valladares, Dev, Tsipras, Dimitris, Li, Doug, Nguyen, Duc Phong, Findlay, Duncan, Oiwoh, Edede, Wong, Edmund, Asdar, Ehsan, Proehl, Elizabeth, Yang, Elizabeth, Antonow, Eric, Kramer, Eric, Peterson, Eric, Sigler, Eric, Wallace, Eric, Brevdo, Eugene, Mays, Evan, Khorasani, Farzad, Such, Felipe Petroski, Raso, Filippo, Zhang, Francis, von Lohmann, Fred, Sulit, Freddie, Goh, Gabriel, Oden, Gene, Salmon, Geoff, Starace, Giulio, Brockman, Greg, Salman, Hadi, Bao, Haiming, Hu, Haitang, Wong, Hannah, Wang, Haoyu, Schmidt, Heather, Whitney, Heather, Jun, Heewoo, Kirchner, Hendrik, Pinto, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira, Ren, Hongyu, Chang, Huiwen, Chung, Hyung Won, Kivlichan, Ian, O'Connell, Ian, O'Connell, Ian, Osband, Ian, Silber, Ian, Sohl, Ian, Okuyucu, Ibrahim, Lan, Ikai, Kostrikov, Ilya, Sutskever, Ilya, Kanitscheider, Ingmar, Gulrajani, Ishaan, Coxon, Jacob, Menick, Jacob, Pachocki, Jakub, Aung, James, Betker, James, Crooks, James, Lennon, James, Kiros, Jamie, Leike, Jan, Park, Jane, Kwon, Jason, Phang, Jason, Teplitz, Jason, Wei, Jason, Wolfe, Jason, Chen, Jay, Harris, Jeff, Varavva, Jenia, Lee, Jessica Gan, Shieh, Jessica, Lin, Ji, Yu, Jiahui, Weng, Jiayi, Tang, Jie, Yu, Jieqi, Jang, Joanne, Candela, Joaquin Quinonero, Beutler, Joe, Landers, Joe, Parish, Joel, Heidecke, Johannes, Schulman, John, Lachman, Jonathan, McKay, Jonathan, Uesato, Jonathan, Ward, Jonathan, Kim, Jong Wook, Huizinga, Joost, Sitkin, Jordan, Kraaijeveld, Jos, Gross, Josh, Kaplan, Josh, Snyder, Josh, Achiam, Joshua, Jiao, Joy, Lee, Joyce, Zhuang, Juntang, Harriman, Justyn, Fricke, Kai, Hayashi, Kai, Singhal, Karan, Shi, Katy, Karthik, Kavin, Wood, Kayla, Rimbach, Kendra, Hsu, Kenny, Nguyen, Kenny, Gu-Lemberg, Keren, Button, Kevin, Liu, Kevin, Howe, Kiel, Muthukumar, Krithika, Luther, Kyle, Ahmad, Lama, Kai, Larry, Itow, Lauren, Workman, Lauren, Pathak, Leher, Chen, Leo, Jing, Li, Guy, Lia, Fedus, Liam, Zhou, Liang, Mamitsuka, Lien, Weng, Lilian, McCallum, Lindsay, Held, Lindsey, Ouyang, Long, Feuvrier, Louis, Zhang, Lu, Kondraciuk, Lukas, Kaiser, Lukasz, Hewitt, Luke, Metz, Luke, Doshi, Lyric, Aflak, Mada, Simens, Maddie, Boyd, Madelaine, Thompson, Madeleine, Dukhan, Marat, Chen, Mark, Gray, Mark, Hudnall, Mark, Zhang, Marvin, Aljubeh, Marwan, Litwin, Mateusz, Zeng, Matthew, Johnson, Max, Shetty, Maya, Gupta, Mayank, Shah, Meghan, Yatbaz, Mehmet, Yang, Meng Jia, Zhong, Mengchao, Glaese, Mia, Chen, Mianna, Janner, Michael, Lampe, Michael, Petrov, Michael, Wu, Michael, Wang, Michele, Fradin, Michelle, Pokrass, Michelle, Castro, Miguel, de Castro, Miguel Oom Temudo, Pavlov, Mikhail, Brundage, Miles, Wang, Miles, Khan, Minal, Murati, Mira, Bavarian, Mo, Lin, Molly, Yesildal, Murat, Soto, Nacho, Gimelshein, Natalia, Cone, Natalie, Staudacher, Natalie, Summers, Natalie, LaFontaine, Natan, Chowdhury, Neil, Ryder, Nick, Stathas, Nick, Turley, Nick, Tezak, Nik, Felix, Niko, Kudige, Nithanth, Keskar, Nitish, Deutsch, Noah, Bundick, Noel, Puckett, Nora, Nachum, Ofir, Okelola, Ola, Boiko, Oleg, Murk, Oleg, Jaffe, Oliver, Watkins, Olivia, Godement, Olivier, Campbell-Moore, Owen, Chao, Patrick, McMillan, Paul, Belov, Pavel, Su, Peng, Bak, Peter, Bakkum, Peter, Deng, Peter, Dolan, Peter, Hoeschele, Peter, Welinder, Peter, Tillet, Phil, Pronin, Philip, Tillet, Philippe, Dhariwal, Prafulla, Yuan, Qiming, Dias, Rachel, Lim, Rachel, Arora, Rahul, Troll, Rajan, Lin, Randall, Lopes, Rapha Gontijo, Puri, Raul, Miyara, Reah, Leike, Reimar, Gaubert, Renaud, Zamani, Reza, Wang, Ricky, Donnelly, Rob, Honsby, Rob, Smith, Rocky, Sahai, Rohan, Ramchandani, Rohit, Huet, Romain, Carmichael, Rory, Zellers, Rowan, Chen, Roy, Chen, Ruby, Nigmatullin, Ruslan, Cheu, Ryan, Jain, Saachi, Altman, Sam, Schoenholz, Sam, Toizer, Sam, Miserendino, Samuel, Agarwal, Sandhini, Culver, Sara, Ethersmith, Scott, Gray, Scott, Grove, Sean, Metzger, Sean, Hermani, Shamez, Jain, Shantanu, Zhao, Shengjia, Wu, Sherwin, Jomoto, Shino, Wu, Shirong, Shuaiqi, null, Xia, null, Phene, Sonia, Papay, Spencer, Narayanan, Srinivas, Coffey, Steve, Lee, Steve, Hall, Stewart, Balaji, Suchir, Broda, Tal, Stramer, Tal, Xu, Tao, Gogineni, Tarun, Christianson, Taya, Sanders, Ted, Patwardhan, Tejal, Cunninghman, Thomas, Degry, Thomas, Dimson, Thomas, Raoux, Thomas, Shadwell, Thomas, Zheng, Tianhao, Underwood, Todd, Markov, Todor, Sherbakov, Toki, Rubin, Tom, Stasi, Tom, Kaftan, Tomer, Heywood, Tristan, Peterson, Troy, Walters, Tyce, Eloundou, Tyna, Qi, Valerie, Moeller, Veit, Monaco, Vinnie, Kuo, Vishal, Fomenko, Vlad, Chang, Wayne, Zheng, Weiyi, Zhou, Wenda, Manassra, Wesam, Sheu, Will, Zaremba, Wojciech, Patil, Yash, Qian, Yilei, Kim, Yongjik, Cheng, Youlong, Zhang, Yu, He, Yuchen, Zhang, Yuchen, Jin, Yujia, Dai, Yunxing, Malkov, Yury
GPT-4o is an autoregressive omni model that accepts as input any combination of text, audio, image, and video, and generates any combination of text, audio, and image outputs. It's trained end-to-end across text, vision, and audio, meaning all inputs and outputs are processed by the same neural network. GPT-4o can respond to audio inputs in as little as 232 milliseconds, with an average of 320 milliseconds, which is similar to human response time in conversation. It matches GPT-4 Turbo performance on text in English and code, with significant improvement on text in non-English languages, while also being much faster and 50\% cheaper in the API. GPT-4o is especially better at vision and audio understanding compared to existing models. In line with our commitment to building AI safely and consistent with our voluntary commitments to the White House, we are sharing the GPT-4o System Card, which includes our Preparedness Framework evaluations. In this System Card, we provide a detailed look at GPT-4o's capabilities, limitations, and safety evaluations across multiple categories, focusing on speech-to-speech while also evaluating text and image capabilities, and measures we've implemented to ensure the model is safe and aligned. We also include third-party assessments on dangerous capabilities, as well as discussion of potential societal impacts of GPT-4o's text and vision capabilities.
GPT-4 Technical Report
OpenAI, null, :, null, Achiam, Josh, Adler, Steven, Agarwal, Sandhini, Ahmad, Lama, Akkaya, Ilge, Aleman, Florencia Leoni, Almeida, Diogo, Altenschmidt, Janko, Altman, Sam, Anadkat, Shyamal, Avila, Red, Babuschkin, Igor, Balaji, Suchir, Balcom, Valerie, Baltescu, Paul, Bao, Haiming, Bavarian, Mo, Belgum, Jeff, Bello, Irwan, Berdine, Jake, Bernadett-Shapiro, Gabriel, Berner, Christopher, Bogdonoff, Lenny, Boiko, Oleg, Boyd, Madelaine, Brakman, Anna-Luisa, Brockman, Greg, Brooks, Tim, Brundage, Miles, Button, Kevin, Cai, Trevor, Campbell, Rosie, Cann, Andrew, Carey, Brittany, Carlson, Chelsea, Carmichael, Rory, Chan, Brooke, Chang, Che, Chantzis, Fotis, Chen, Derek, Chen, Sully, Chen, Ruby, Chen, Jason, Chen, Mark, Chess, Ben, Cho, Chester, Chu, Casey, Chung, Hyung Won, Cummings, Dave, Currier, Jeremiah, Dai, Yunxing, Decareaux, Cory, Degry, Thomas, Deutsch, Noah, Deville, Damien, Dhar, Arka, Dohan, David, Dowling, Steve, Dunning, Sheila, Ecoffet, Adrien, Eleti, Atty, Eloundou, Tyna, Farhi, David, Fedus, Liam, Felix, Niko, Fishman, Simón Posada, Forte, Juston, Fulford, Isabella, Gao, Leo, Georges, Elie, Gibson, Christian, Goel, Vik, Gogineni, Tarun, Goh, Gabriel, Gontijo-Lopes, Rapha, Gordon, Jonathan, Grafstein, Morgan, Gray, Scott, Greene, Ryan, Gross, Joshua, Gu, Shixiang Shane, Guo, Yufei, Hallacy, Chris, Han, Jesse, Harris, Jeff, He, Yuchen, Heaton, Mike, Heidecke, Johannes, Hesse, Chris, Hickey, Alan, Hickey, Wade, Hoeschele, Peter, Houghton, Brandon, Hsu, Kenny, Hu, Shengli, Hu, Xin, Huizinga, Joost, Jain, Shantanu, Jain, Shawn, Jang, Joanne, Jiang, Angela, Jiang, Roger, Jin, Haozhun, Jin, Denny, Jomoto, Shino, Jonn, Billie, Jun, Heewoo, Kaftan, Tomer, Kaiser, Łukasz, Kamali, Ali, Kanitscheider, Ingmar, Keskar, Nitish Shirish, Khan, Tabarak, Kilpatrick, Logan, Kim, Jong Wook, Kim, Christina, Kim, Yongjik, Kirchner, Hendrik, Kiros, Jamie, Knight, Matt, Kokotajlo, Daniel, Kondraciuk, Łukasz, Kondrich, Andrew, Konstantinidis, Aris, Kosic, Kyle, Krueger, Gretchen, Kuo, Vishal, Lampe, Michael, Lan, Ikai, Lee, Teddy, Leike, Jan, Leung, Jade, Levy, Daniel, Li, Chak Ming, Lim, Rachel, Lin, Molly, Lin, Stephanie, Litwin, Mateusz, Lopez, Theresa, Lowe, Ryan, Lue, Patricia, Makanju, Anna, Malfacini, Kim, Manning, Sam, Markov, Todor, Markovski, Yaniv, Martin, Bianca, Mayer, Katie, Mayne, Andrew, McGrew, Bob, McKinney, Scott Mayer, McLeavey, Christine, McMillan, Paul, McNeil, Jake, Medina, David, Mehta, Aalok, Menick, Jacob, Metz, Luke, Mishchenko, Andrey, Mishkin, Pamela, Monaco, Vinnie, Morikawa, Evan, Mossing, Daniel, Mu, Tong, Murati, Mira, Murk, Oleg, Mély, David, Nair, Ashvin, Nakano, Reiichiro, Nayak, Rajeev, Neelakantan, Arvind, Ngo, Richard, Noh, Hyeonwoo, Ouyang, Long, O'Keefe, Cullen, Pachocki, Jakub, Paino, Alex, Palermo, Joe, Pantuliano, Ashley, Parascandolo, Giambattista, Parish, Joel, Parparita, Emy, Passos, Alex, Pavlov, Mikhail, Peng, Andrew, Perelman, Adam, Peres, Filipe de Avila Belbute, Petrov, Michael, Pinto, Henrique Ponde de Oliveira, Michael, null, Pokorny, null, Pokrass, Michelle, Pong, Vitchyr, Powell, Tolly, Power, Alethea, Power, Boris, Proehl, Elizabeth, Puri, Raul, Radford, Alec, Rae, Jack, Ramesh, Aditya, Raymond, Cameron, Real, Francis, Rimbach, Kendra, Ross, Carl, Rotsted, Bob, Roussez, Henri, Ryder, Nick, Saltarelli, Mario, Sanders, Ted, Santurkar, Shibani, Sastry, Girish, Schmidt, Heather, Schnurr, David, Schulman, John, Selsam, Daniel, Sheppard, Kyla, Sherbakov, Toki, Shieh, Jessica, Shoker, Sarah, Shyam, Pranav, Sidor, Szymon, Sigler, Eric, Simens, Maddie, Sitkin, Jordan, Slama, Katarina, Sohl, Ian, Sokolowsky, Benjamin, Song, Yang, Staudacher, Natalie, Such, Felipe Petroski, Summers, Natalie, Sutskever, Ilya, Tang, Jie, Tezak, Nikolas, Thompson, Madeleine, Tillet, Phil, Tootoonchian, Amin, Tseng, Elizabeth, Tuggle, Preston, Turley, Nick, Tworek, Jerry, Uribe, Juan Felipe Cerón, Vallone, Andrea, Vijayvergiya, Arun, Voss, Chelsea, Wainwright, Carroll, Wang, Justin Jay, Wang, Alvin, Wang, Ben, Ward, Jonathan, Wei, Jason, Weinmann, CJ, Welihinda, Akila, Welinder, Peter, Weng, Jiayi, Weng, Lilian, Wiethoff, Matt, Willner, Dave, Winter, Clemens, Wolrich, Samuel, Wong, Hannah, Workman, Lauren, Wu, Sherwin, Wu, Jeff, Wu, Michael, Xiao, Kai, Xu, Tao, Yoo, Sarah, Yu, Kevin, Yuan, Qiming, Zaremba, Wojciech, Zellers, Rowan, Zhang, Chong, Zhang, Marvin, Zhao, Shengjia, Zheng, Tianhao, Zhuang, Juntang, Zhuk, William, Zoph, Barret
We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on various professional and academic benchmarks, including passing a simulated bar exam with a score around the top 10% of test takers. GPT-4 is a Transformer-based model pre-trained to predict the next token in a document. The post-training alignment process results in improved performance on measures of factuality and adherence to desired behavior. A core component of this project was developing infrastructure and optimization methods that behave predictably across a wide range of scales. This allowed us to accurately predict some aspects of GPT-4's performance based on models trained with no more than 1/1,000th the compute of GPT-4.
WebGPT: Browser-assisted question-answering with human feedback
Nakano, Reiichiro, Hilton, Jacob, Balaji, Suchir, Wu, Jeff, Ouyang, Long, Kim, Christina, Hesse, Christopher, Jain, Shantanu, Kosaraju, Vineet, Saunders, William, Jiang, Xu, Cobbe, Karl, Eloundou, Tyna, Krueger, Gretchen, Button, Kevin, Knight, Matthew, Chess, Benjamin, Schulman, John
We fine-tune GPT-3 to answer long-form questions using a text-based web-browsing environment, which allows the model to search and navigate the web. By setting up the task so that it can be performed by humans, we are able to train models on the task using imitation learning, and then optimize answer quality with human feedback. To make human evaluation of factual accuracy easier, models must collect references while browsing in support of their answers. We train and evaluate our models on ELI5, a dataset of questions asked by Reddit users. Our best model is obtained by fine-tuning GPT-3 using behavior cloning, and then performing rejection sampling against a reward model trained to predict human preferences. This model's answers are preferred by humans 56% of the time to those of our human demonstrators, and 69% of the time to the highest-voted answer from Reddit.