A machine learning primer

Deep learning has been fantastically successful in recent years, and is responsible for better-than-human performance in image classification, face recognition and playing Go. Not everyone thinks that deep learning is the bee's knees -- because the conclusions it reaches can't be explained easily (they're not'interpretable'), and it tends to require a LOT of data and compute power. Combinations of deep and other learning methods may be far more powerful than one alone. How does machine learning relate to Artificial Intelligence (and Artificial General Intelligence)? AI refers to systems that can act intelligently, even in a very narrow scope.