AI can assess disease burden in multiple sclerosis

Example of a longitudinal comparison between radiologist-segmented MS lesions and ANN-segmented MS lesions, showing a good overlap between the two volumes. At the MRI follow-up of August 2016, the patient showed a large new lesion with a faint central contrast enhancement (both indicated by the arrows in FLAIR and T1 after contrast, respectively), which the ANN correctly detected. The lesion then regressed under therapy and was unremarkable at the next follow-up. While underestimating the volumetric size of the lesions, the ANN consistently reproduced the volumetric trend of the follow-up for this patient.