Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging

The two major tasks in medical imaging that appear to be naturally predestined to be solved with AI algorithms are segmentation and classification. Most of techniques used in medical imaging were conventional image processing, or more widely formulated computer vision algorithms. One can find many works with artificial neural networks, the backbone of deep learning. However, most works were focused on conventional computer vision which focused, and still does, on "handcrafted" features, techniques that were the results of manual design to extract useful and differentiating information from medical images. Some progress was visible in the late 90s and early 2000s (for instance, the SIFT method in 1999, or visual dictionaries in early 2000s) but there were no breakthroughs.