The Rise of Artificial Intelligence and the Health Care Quants

For example, a major scientific achievement in computing this past year featured reinforcement-learning programs by a computer that outperformed humans in AlphaGo, a massively complex game that build on learning algorithms, modeled after the ancient board game, Go. These DeepMind neural networks function differently than other AI platforms such as IBM's Deep Blue program or Watson, which were assembled from large databases and developed for a pre-defined purpose, and which only function within its scope. Whereas computer programs had previously used Monte Carlo tree search algorithm strategies (search engine programs designed to instruct plays in computer games) to find its moves in the game – like a computer using a database of options programmed by a human in order to select the next proper chess move. However, in these recent advances, the Google Deep Mind programs that operate AlphaGo are able to select moves based on knowledge the programs learned themselves from machine learning in an artificial neural network based on human and computer play. Deep learning, for example with DeepMind, demonstrates that the computational system is not pre-programmed and is in fact a neural network of algorithms that learn from experience, using only raw pixels as data input.