What should governments be doing about the rise of Artificial Intelligence?

There is little doubt that Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming almost every facet of human life. How far this transformation will go and what the full ramifications for society will be are still unknown but this hasn't prevented people from making both optimistic and dire predictions. Elon Musk's call for AI regulation has been matched by equal calls for governments not to. One of the principle problems with AI has been the confusion that surrounds what it is exactly, and what it can and can't actually do. The single biggest problem in understanding AI however has been making it clear how current AI techniques (like deep learning) differ from human intelligence.