AI (artificial intelligence) vs Machine learning vs Deep learning

The terms artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning are hyped a lot and we hear them but most of us don't know what these terms really mean. Why everyone is talking about them, are they significant breakthroughs in science about which I really need to know? This article is intended to provide introductory education to people about artificial intelligence and its relative terms. The idea to develop an intelligent machine is lingering since the 1300s but the real breakthroughs were introduced in the 19th and 20th century. Alan Turing is considered as the father of computation and artificial intelligence because of algorithmic and computational models that were introduced with his Turing test models.